Expert critics have been built to critique human performance in various areas such as engineering design, decision making, etc. We suggest that critics can also be useful in building and use of knowledge-based design systems (KBDSs). Knowledge engineers elicit knowledge from domain experts and build a knowledge-based design system. The system generates designs. The amount of knowledge the syste...

Critics of partition argue that it contributes to the perpetuation, rather than amelioration, territorial conflict. This paper engages with theoretical debates on partition, focusing particular and illustrative case Ireland. The island has been partitioned into two polities for a century. Opposition Ireland existed from outset contemporary Brexit context. argument is while hostility experienced...

this question may be raised in the mind of reader of this article that what motivation causes treating the feature of parnassism , in the ode of pre-islamic arab poet living hundreds of years before the rise of this school. did imru' al-qais’ belong to the time beyond his contemporary period or the problem is something else? in fact although parnassism is a new name for a special literary schoo...

The target of this paper is twofold. The first part develops firstly a very general and abstract topic, by describing what philosophy of logic is, when it is embedded in a genuine philosophical system, and it secondly provides an explanation of the reason why intuitionism, assumed as genuine philosophical system, is in total harmony with the contemporary intuitionistic formal logic. This part e...

From the first commentaries of Akhundzadeh to Jamalzadeh’s introduction to Yeki Bud YekiNabud, i.e., over a period of almost fifty years, we can see a collection of a few scattered commentaries on story and novel which are rarely noticed by researchers. These scattered commentaries can be regarded as the first literary manifests of story and novel. These critiques and commentaries include subje...