a methodology is presented in this paper to find optimal location and dosage of chlorine injection in water distribution networks. the objective is to minimize the chlorine consumption while keeping the residual chlorine at each node within the standard range. unfortunately because of wrong water quality management in water distribution networks in many parts of the world, many problems such...

A variety of energy management systems are currently available for domestic domain, and many are concerned with real-time energy consumption monitoring and display of statistical and real time data of energy consumption. Although these systems play a crucial role in providing a detailed picture of energy consumption in home environment and contribute to influencing energy consumption behavior, ...

This paper attempts to provide a critical appraisal of the debate on the effectiveness of microfinance as a universal poverty reduction tool. It argues that while microfinance has developed some innovative management and business strategies, its impact on poverty reduction remains in doubt. Microfinance, however, certainly plays an important role in providing safety-net and consumption smoothen...

Abstract The volume of water losses depends largely on the approach to active leakage control networks. Losses comprise physical (leakages transmission and/or distribution networks, at utility’s storage tanks, and service connections), commercial (unauthorised consumption metering inaccuracies data handling errors) unbilled authorised (unbilled metered unmetered consumption). Reduction real may...

a methodology is presented in this paper to find optimal location and dosage of chlorine injection in water distribution networks. the objective is to minimize the chlorine consumption while keeping the residual chlorine at each node within the standard range. unfortunately because of wrong water quality management in water distribution networks in many parts of the world, many problems such as...

the optimal cropping pattern for sistan water resources management was determined through a goal programming technique within the gams programming environment. results showed that the optimum cultivation area and net profit of the agricultural sector in the sistan region could increase up to 18.1 and 39.8%, respectively, compared to the current status. an increase in the farm irrigation efficie...

This paper focuses on the consumption phase of the process of ProductionDiffusion-Consumption of management knowledge. We argue that consumers play an important role in that process, a role we feel has been overlooked by most of the literature. The first part of the paper is mostly theoretical. In it we first situate our contribution within the existing literature about management knowledge, an...

Power consumption of electronic devices has become a serious concern in the recent years. Power efficiency is necessary to lengthen the battery lifetime in the portable systems, as well as to reduce the operational costs and the environmental impact of stationary systems. Two new approaches that enable systems to save power by adapting to changes in environment are proposed: dynamic power manag...

in this study, the optimization of energy consumption and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of irrigated lentil production in esfahan province were conducted using data envelopment analysis (dea) method. the used data were collected randomly from 140 lentil producers using a face to face questionnaire method in the cropping season of 2014-2015. based on two dea models of constant returns to...