It seems that the academic motivation structure is affected by cultural factors. Many studies have examined factorial of scale (AMS), and results showed different structures AMS (e.g., Taghipour Ali Hosein et al. (EL-yazidi Louzani, 2017) concluded consists two dimensions; Natalya Purwanto (2018) it three Alruaili (2020) four Abu Awad (2009) six dimensions). The one most widely used measures ac...

objectives : bayley scales of infant & toddler development is a well-known diagnostic developmental assessment tool for children aged 1–42 months. our aim was investigating validity & reliability of this scale in persian speaking children. materials & methods: the method was descriptive-analytic. translation- back translation and cultural adaptation was done. content & face validity of tranlate...