In this paper we describe and illustrate the Roussos-Stout (1996) multidimensionality-based DIF analysis framework, with emphasis on its implication for the selection of a matching and studied subtest for DIF analyses. Standard DIF practice encourages an exploratory search for matching subtest items based on purely statistical criteria, such as a failure to display DIF. By contrast, the multidi...

Some probabilistic aspects of the number variance statistic are investigated. Infinite systems of independent Brownian motions and symmetric α-stable processes are used to construct explicit new examples of processes which exhibit both divergent and saturating number variance behaviour. We derive a general expression for the number variance for the spatial particle configurations arising from t...

On-line analysis of output data from discrete event stochastic simulation focuses almost entirely on estimation of means. Most “variance estimation” research in simulation refers to the estimation of the variance of the mean, to construct confidence intervals for mean values. There has been little research on the estimation of variance in simulation. We investigate three methods for point and i...

The appearance  of a consume society in the result of giving a Hint to body and physical features and consequently very important. Body is also very important for social acceptability and people try to arrange their bodies and physical features according to their social codes. Body modification like, make up, surgery, losing weight, slimming, sporting and body care is called body management. T...

We present a new method for estimating the expected return of a POMDP from experi­ ence. The estimator does not assume any knowledge of the POMDP, can estimate the returns for finite state controllers, allows ex­ perience to be gathered from arbitrary se­ quences of policies, and estimates the return for any new policy. We motivate the estima­ tor from function-approximation and impor­ tance sa...

Due to the existence of redundant features, the Radial-Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) which is trained from a dataset is likely to be huge. Sensitivity analysis technique usually could help to reduce the features by deleting insensitive features. Considering the perturbation of network output as a random variable, this paper defines a new sensitivity formula which is the limit of varianc...

Indexing of cases is an important topic for MemoryBased Reasoning(MBR). One key problem is how assign weights to attributes of cases. Although several weighting methods have been proposed, some methods cannot handle numeric attributes directly, so it is necessary to discretize numeric values by classification. Furthermore, existing methods have no theoretical background, so little can be said a...

The acoustic confusion effect is the finding that lists of to-be-remembered items that sound similar to one another are recalled worse than otherwise comparable lists of items that sound different. Previous work has shown that concurrent irrelevant speech and concurrent irrelevant tapping both reduce the size of this effect, suggesting similarities between the two manipulations. The authors ass...

PURPOSE Several novel techniques have been developed recently to assess the breadth of a speaker's vocabulary exhibited in a language sample. The specific aim of this study was to increase our understanding of the validity of the scores generated by different lexical diversity (LD) estimation techniques. Four techniques were explored: D, Maas, measure of textual lexical diversity, and moving-av...