Using the secularization theory and the Marxist notion of religion as masking class conscience one would expect the importance of religion and religious involvement today to wane and be limited to lower class members. To challenge this expectation, using a representative national telephone survey of 2004 youth (ages 11–18) and their parents, we attempt to answer the following two questions: How...

Looked at from a general science of law, the effective individualizing agency in the administration of justice is discretion .... Discretion is an authority conferred by law to act in certain conditions or situations in accordance with an official's or an official agency's own considered judgment and conscience .'

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Attitudes about political mavericks (politicians who cross party lines to ‘‘vote their conscience”) depend on whether people construe them in general terms or at the level of specific policy proposals. Three studies examined this hypothesis. In Study 1, participants expressed more positive views of political mavericks described generally than when prompted to consider a maverick of their own po...

The conception of formalism as uninterpreted, but interpretable, systems that was wavering into focus during the 1920s achieved clarity in Godel's 1931 paper. The historical irony here is that while this clarity fulfilled one of Hilbert's demands for firm foundations, the Godel results themselves have been seen as frustrating Hilbert's central epistemological desire. Due in part to Hilbert's va...

ed version of a Chinese landscape, rendered in saturated hues subtly diffused over the surfaces of his canvases. In his art there is a hermetic, secretive quality evidenced in dark tones and subtle nuances of paint. Formally, his works belong with early Abstract Expressionism even though Reinhardt separated himself from the attitudes that intrigued so many of his peers. He viewed art as a tauto...

The coupling of the art of healing with the method of scientific investigation for medical research in human beings causes many profound questions to leap into the minds of those whose consciences have been shaped within democratic and religious institutions. Many medical investigators who have carried out research in human subjects have attempted to describe the professional-ethical conditions...