While researchers have offered remonstration-oriented, reciprocal, voluntary, and gratitude-based accounts of political obligation in classical Confucianism, I argue that these interpretations are either conflict with the textual evidence or merely scratch surface Confucius’ theory without fully elaborating its essence. Instead, demonstrate Confucianism is a specific argument from paternalistic...

1. Western Misinterpretations 1.1. Max Weber's Prebendal Bureaucracy 1.2. Karl Marx's Asiatic Mode of Production 1.3. Eisenstadt's Bureaucratic Empires 2. Comparisons: India and China 3. Indian and Chinese Evolution: Critical Comparisons 4. Confucian Brahmins and Kautilyan Mandarins 5. The European Evolution 5.1. The Roman Empire 5.2. Feudalism and the Catholic Church 5.3. Societal Evolution: F...

In the final decades of 20th century, majority modern Sinophone scholars believed that Confucianism was an outdated and obsolete ideology not only unsuitable for development science democratic societies, but also responsible deep social political crisis had branded China previous two centuries. Modern New Confucians, however, never assumed Confucian system such a situation. Most them compatible...

The problems to be discussed in this research are based on the phenomenon of searching for millennial leadership character education Indonesia. In recent years, Western theories have dominated trend studying and rarely derived from Eastern wisdom. These influenced taught curriculum. Meanwhile, East has Confucianism, a concept called Jun Zi. Zi explained how person virtue acting as leader himsel...