Air pollution in cities is associated with adverse health conditions; however, the underlying reasons are poorly understood. Previous particulate matter (PM) imaging studies have mostly used 2D microscopic techniques. In this study, 3D appearances of roadside and underground railway station airborne PMs elemental characteristics PM were examined. Roadside collected using a cyclone collection sy...

MOTIVATION Currently the confocal scanning microscopy of fluorescently tagged molecules is extensively employed to acquire quantitative data on gene expression at cellular resolution. Following this approach, we generated a large dataset on the expression of segmentation genes in the Drosophila blastoderm, that is widely used in systems biology studies. As data accuracy is of critical importanc...

The ability to detect surfaces within confocal microscope images is important for the interpretation of such data. Most detectors are gradient-based, and so are sensitive to noise, and fail to detect some feature types that are important in confocal microscopy. The local energy feature detector developed by Morrone and Owens marks locations where there is congruence of phase in the Fourier comp...

We present a real-time target-locking confocal microscope that follows an object moving along an arbitrary path, even as it simultaneously changes its shape, size and orientation. This Target-locking Acquisition with Realtime Confocal (TARC) microscopy system integrates fast image processing and rapid image acquisition using a Nipkow spinning-disk confocal microscope. The system acquires a 3D s...

We describe the construction of a video-rate two-photon laser scanning microscope, compare its performance to a similar confocal microscope, and illustrate its use for imaging local Ca(2+) transients from cortical neurons in brain slices. Key features include the use of a Ti-sapphire femtosecond laser allowing continuous tuning over a wide (700-1000 nm) wavelength range, a resonant scanning mir...

In conventional confocal microscopy, a physical pinhole is placed at the image plane prior to the detector to limit the observation volume. In this work, we present a modular design of a scanning confocal microscope which uses a CCD camera to replace the physical pinhole for materials science applications. Experimental scans were performed on a microscope resolution target, a semiconductor chip...

Confocal theta fluorescence microscopy using two-photon absorption and annular apertures. In a confocal theta fluorescence microscope, a second objective lens placed orthogonally to the illumination objective lens is used for detection. The addition of annular apertures to such an arrangement leads to a reduction of the volume at half maximum of the point spread function. We show that when the ...

The confocal scanning microscope is well-known for its ability to perform optical sectioning: a thin plane or section within a thick turbid medium is non-invasively imaged with high resolution and contrast [1]. Since its invention and development, confocal scanning microscopes have been extensively used in biomedicine for imaging human and animal tissues in vivo. Nuclear, cellular and morpholog...

This work reports on the retrieval of the pupil function and coherent transfer function of a coherent reflection type confocal microscope from simulated measurements of the intensity point spread function. Two phase retrieval algorithms are presented in this vein, which incorporate the multiple pupil dependence of image formation in confocal microscopy. Verification of the algorithms follows by...

Confocal microscopy is an imaging tool that uses a laser system to image the skin noninvasively with cellular resolution. With both in vivo and ex vivo systems, tissue can be imaged rapidly without damaging the sample. Herein, we discuss the capabilities of the ex vivo confocal microscope and its implementation for treatment and management of cutaneous malignancies.