We consider a horizontal three-dimensional saturated porous layer, confined in an upright cubic box, heated from below and cooled from above. In the absence of a controller, the fluid maintains a no-motion state for subcritical Rayleigh numbers R < Rc, where Rc, depends on the box’s aspect ratio. Once this critical number is exceeded, fluid motion ensues. We demonstrate that, with the use of fe...

We present a theory for the transport of molecules adsorbed in slit and cylindrical nanopores at low density, considering the axial momentum gain of molecules oscillating between diffuse wall reflections. Good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations is obtained over a wide range of pore sizes, including the regime of single-file diffusion where fluid-fluid interactions are shown to have a...

This study traced a deployed real IT system to enhance occupational safety for a polluted confined space. By incorporating wireless technology, it automatically monitors the status of workers on the site and upon detected anomalous events, managers are notified effectively. The system, with a redefined standard operations process, is running well at one of Formosa Petrochemical Corporation's re...

We explore the equations of state and other properties of various quantum fluids (He, He, their mixtures, and H2) confined within individual carbon nanotubes. Above a threshold number of particles, Na, the fluid density near the axis begins to grow above a negligibly small value. The properties of this axial fluid phase are sensitive to the tube size and hence to the transverse compression in t...

The equilibrium density distribution and thermodynamic properties of a Lennard-Jones fluid confined to nano-sized spherical cavities at constant chemical potential was determined using Monte Carlo simulations. The results describe both a single cavity with semipermeable walls as well as a collection of closed cavities formed at constant chemical potential. The results are compared to calculatio...

Transport of fluid through a pipe is essential for the operation of macroscale machines and microfluidic devices. Conventional fluids only flow in response to external pressure. We demonstrate that an active isotropic fluid, composed of microtubules and molecular motors, autonomously flows through meter-long three-dimensional channels. We establish control over the magnitude, velocity profile, ...

In this paper we consider a Z2 symmetrical 3-brane embedded in a 5-dimensional spacetime. We study the effective Einstein equation and acceleration condition in presence of the quintom dark energy fluid as the bulk matter field. The effective Einstein equation on the brane in the framework of DGP model is obtained where the quintom field is considered as the bulk matter field, and a quintom dar...

The origin of sonoluminescence, the conversion of acoustic energy into ultraviolethisible radiation in liquids, has remained elusive. We propose that the emission arises from electrons confined to voids in the hot, dense fluid formed during the final stages of bubble collapse. Such electrons are produced by high-temperature ionization of the bubble constituents. A hard-sphere-based model was de...

Nanospheres with an internal bicontinuous structure were obtained through hierarchical self-assembly of a dendritic block terpolymer in selective solvents. The self-assembly underwent a unique three stage process involving unimolecular micelle formation, multimicelle aggregation and microphase separation within a self-confined space. Reversible phase inversion of the nanospheres in response to ...

Bad atmospheric conditions appear to be the culprit in each of these cases. The unfortunate part is that these incidents could have possibly been prevented. Had the atmosphere been monitored in these three cases alone, maybe we could have prevented the six injuries and one fatality. A person in need of help while in a tank, vessel, pit, manhole or other confined space is in a confined space res...