Superconductivity that spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry (TRS) has been found, so far, only in a handful of 3D crystals with bulk inversion symmetry. Recently, spontaneous TRS breaking was observed in a 2D superconducting system without inversion symmetry: the epitaxial bilayer films of bismuth and nickel [1]. The evidence comes from the onset of the polar Kerr effect at the supercond...

Condensed Graphs provide a graph based programming model that unifies availability-driven, coerciondriven and control-driven computing. In this paper we explore the issues of concurrency and synchronisation between condensed graph applications. A paradigm for condensed graph synchronisation is proposed and an architectural pattern is developed that forms the basis of a novel synchronisation mec...

At first sight, low-temperature condensed-matter physics and early Universe cosmology seem worlds apart. Yet, in the last few years a remarkable synergy has developed between the two. It has emerged that, in terms of their mathematical description, there are surprisingly close parallels between them. This interplay has been the subject of a very successful European Science Foundation (ESF) prog...

Donor electron and nuclear spins in silicon are excellent candidates for quantum bits (qubits) due to their compactness, tunability, long spin relaxation/coherence times and potential for large-scale integration with the microelectronics industry. There are three crucial elements of a spin based computer (i) a well defined spin qubit that can be readout and controlled in a nano-device (ii) prec...

A large fraction (30 of 62) of the cata-condensed polycyclic benzenoid aromatic hydrocarbons with one to six rings have nonplanar pi carbon atom frameworks, with the minimum angle of nonplanarity approximately 30°. In addition to 17 pairs of enantiomers, four of the nonplanar cata-condensed benzenoids with six rings are redicted to be capable of existing as pairs of twisted diastereoisomers. Ma...

Nanostructured optical components, such as nanolenses, direct light at subwavelength scales to enable, among others, high-resolution lithography, miniaturization of photonic circuits, and nanoscopic imaging of biostructures. A major challenge in fabricating nanolenses is the appropriate positioning of the lens with respect to the sample while simultaneously ensuring it adopts the optimal size a...