The dynamics of symmetry breaking during out of equilibrium phase transitions is a topic of great importance in many disciplines, from condensed matter to particle physics and early Universe cosmology with definite experimental impact. In these notes we provide a summary of the relevant aspects of the dynamics of symmetry breaking in many different fields with emphasis on the experimental reali...

Primary and secondary organic aerosols (POA and SOA) contain a complex mixture of multifunctional chemicals, many of which are photolabile. Much of the previous work that aimed to understand the chemical evolution (aging) of POA and SOA has focused on the reactive uptake of gas-phase oxidants by particles. By stripping volatile compounds and ozone from α-pinene ozonolysis SOA with three 1-m-lon...

We observed by using atomic force microscope (AFM) phospholipid (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) monolayers on mica being annealed and cooled to a selection of temperatures through steps of 2-4 degrees C/min. The annealed phospholipid monolayers started to disappear at 45-50 degrees C and disappeared completely above 60-63 degrees C under AFM observation. The phospholipid monolayer...

Title of dissertation: A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF BOUNDARY LAYER DIFFUSION FLAMES Ajay Vikram Singh, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Dissertation directed by: Professor Michael J. Gollner Department of Fire Protection Engineering Modeling the realistic burning behavior of condensed-phase fuels has remained out of reach, in part because of an inability to resolve complex interactions at the interface bet...

Fusion between mitotic and S-phase cells induces the formation of prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) in the interphase partner. Viewed in the light microscope, S-phase PCC derived from the Indian muntjac appear to be fragmented and heterogeneous. In scanning electron micrographs prepared by an osmium impregnation technique, which avoids the need to sputter-coat the specimen, the S-phase fr...

General conditions for the occurrence of mesoscopic phase fluctuations in condensed matter are considered. The description of different thermodynamic phases, which coexist as a mixture of mesoscopically separated regions, is based on the theory of heterophase fluctuations. The spaces of states, typical of the related phases, are characterized by weighted Hilbert spaces. Several models illustrat...

We predict a condensation phenomenon in an overall neutral system, consisting of a single charged plate and its oppositely charged counterions. Based on the " two-fluid " model, in which the counterions are divided into a " free " and a " condensed " fraction, we argue that for high surface charge, fluctuations can lead to a phase transition in which a large fraction of counterions is condensed...

We predict a condensation phenomenon in an overall neutral system, consisting of a single charged plate and its oppositely charged counterions. Based on the "two-fluid" model, in which the counterions are divided into a "free" and a "condensed" fraction, we argue that for high surface charge, fluctuations can lead to a phase transition in which a large fraction of counterions is condensed. Furt...