ibn sina characterizes sidiqin argument as an argument by means of which the existence of necessary being is proved just on the basis of reflecting on the nature of being. he claims that his versions of the argument satisfy the criterion, really. mulla sadra, however, argues first that ibn sina’s arguments are not, properly speaking, based on reflecting on the nature of being, and second that t...

BACKGROUND The science of toxicology has a long history and been highly valued in Islamic countries. Numerous scientists were the expert in this field, particularly during the third and fourth centuries. Through reading such literature and gaining the experience of the scientists, one can use such valuable information to promote this science. METHODS In this article, different sources of trad...

In 1396 (798/799), two hundred years before Vesalius, the Persian author Mans: ur ibn Muh:ammad ibn Ah:mad ibn Y usuf ibn Faq h Ily as composed a treatise on anatomy entitled Tas:r h: -i Mans: ur that summarized many of the observations of Galen. It was not the first such treatise to be composed in the Islamic world, but it was the first to be accompanied by drawings of the human body in anatom...

This paper designs an intra-body network (IBN) of nodes, consisting of small sensors and processing elements (SPEs) placed at different locations within the body and a Personal Digital Assistant placed externally but in close proximity to the body. The sensors measure specific physiological attributes such as electrophysiological and biochemical changes in the myocardium (action potentials of c...

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10 are not values: one may send an object id, or a value representing the state of the object, or even a value representing the behaviour of the object, but not the object itself. Since message contents are values, type-checking of communications can be handled in a more traditional way [8]. Two promising directions for further work are (1) to reconsider path expressions [7] as a means to descr...

This year’s SCES conference has been as usual, memorable not in small part because of the idyllic surroundings in the picturesque fishing town of Buzios, Brazil. We would especially like to thank the organisers, Elisa Saitovitch and Mucio Continentino for the sterling conference organisation. A breadth of exciting topics were discussed at this year’s SCES, yet limitations of time mean that we a...