The concept of culture and cultural reconstruction is one of the fundamental concepts that, depending on the various topics and areas in history and human society, needs to be discussed from different aspects. On the other hand, examining and recognizing the views of thinkers in the field of the history of civilization, and especially Islamic civilization, on this issue, apart from revealing as...

the issue of curriculum and syllabus evaluation and revision has been in center of attention right from when curriculum came into attention of educational institutions. thus everywhere in the world in educational institutions curricula and syllabi are evaluated and revised based on the goals, the needs, existing content, etc.. in iran any curriculum is designed in a committee of specialists and...

The ethical system of every school of thought is influenced by the way in which it conceptualizes man, identity, and rationality. The definitions of man, happiness, virtue, good, and pleasure are directed by this way of thinking. Therefore, this research aims to introduce the ethical system established by Allāmah Ṭabāṭabāī in the light of his anthropological foundations. Adopting a descriptive-...

the following null hypothesis was proposed: there is no significant difference between the efl students listening comprehension development receiving pictorial cues and those receiving no cuse. to test the null hypothesis, 52 male and femal freshmen students of medicine studing at iran university of medical scinces were randomly selected from a total population of 72 students. to ensure that th...

The literature of text, especially poetry and its nature is a subject that ‘Attār, like some other mystics, pays attention of very much. Although he does not give a logical definition and description of it, ‘Attār explains and reflect on it in his works repeatedly according to his mystical views. Because of his mystical attitude, he looks at poetry and story from the perspective of content and ...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...

Besides many Qur’anic verses, there are many traditions in Shii and Sunni sources about mother and her invaluable position. One of the most famous traditions which is attributed to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him and his household, is “Paradise is underneath the feet of mothers.” This article attempts to have a look at the documents and the text of this narration. It...