Abstract People usually express their feelings and emotions positively to others when they have happy occasions. However, the ways of expressing congratulation may vary because expressive speech act “congratulations” is not only way happiness share news. The present study investigates strategies Pakistani English as second language (ESL) learners British speakers under influence social distance...

The effects of rise time and center frequency on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) elicited by high-frequency tone bursts were examined in six normal-hearing adults. Tone bursts with rise times of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 msec, duration of 2 msec, and center frequencies of 8, 10, and 12 kHz were used in this study. The absolute latencies of waves I, III, and V were obtained in all subjects, ...

This study evaluated the effects of stimulus repetition rate, phase, and frequency on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in normal-hearing neonates and adults. In both neonates and adults, the results clearly showed large ABR wave V latency differences between condensation and rarefaction for low-frequency stimuli. Phase dependent latency effects are believed to be a result of the phase-sens...

In order to elucidate why many elderly listeners have difficulty understanding speech under reverberation, we investigated the relationship between word intelligibility and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) in 28 elderly listeners. We hypothesized that the elderly listeners with low word intelligibility scores under reverberation would show degraded subcortical encoding information of reverbe...

Traditionally the study of fish hearing is achieved either by psychophysical method (e.g., behavioral training) or invasive electrophysiological recording (e.g., microphonics, single unit recording). A non-invasive, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) recording method is developed to study fish hearing. With the use of the ABR method and the removal of gas from various gas holding structures,...

Il transfer pragmatico, secondo la definizione di Kasper (1992), descrive l’influenza esercitata dalla conoscenza pragmatica collegata a lingue e culture diverse L2 sulla comprensione, produzione sull’acquisizione informazioni pragmatiche nella L2. Rispetto all’ampia documentazione su questo tipo realizzazione degli atti linguistici, le ricerche sul pragmatico nell’altra direzione, cioè relativ...

Abstract The urgency of current social challenges is driving new approaches to framing and funding research, development, innovation. “mission-oriented” approach the EU’s New Horizons program latest institutional response pressing needs large system transformations we are facing. We view likely targets mission-oriented programs as dynamic entities requiring both adaptive, inclusive responses, a...

Pelagophytes are abundant picophytoplankton within open ocean ecosystems and the causative algae of harmful brown tide blooms in estuaries. The physiological capabilities facilitating ecological success pelagophytes these diverse remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated transcriptional response two coastal ( Aureococcus anophagefferens Aureoumbra lagunensis ) Pelagococcus subviridis Pel...