Hand written recognition is an interesting area of current artificial intelligence and advanced computing’s researchers. The complexity of the language controls the ability and the challenge of recognition its characters, whereas this complexity and uncertainty becomes multiplied. The use of Latin languages like English, or Spanish, limits the uncertainty because of the limited structure of the...

Non-verbal communications could be a part of visual signs that, because of their importance in interpersonal relationships and transition of meaning, are highly regarded by psychologists and sociologists. One of the major subdivisions of this topic is called "Body Language" that has existed in all human societies since ancient times. These non-verbal signs, some thousands of years old, have cul...

The Cladia aggregata complex is one of the phenotypically most variable groups in lichenized fungi, making species determination difficult and resulting in different classifications accepting between one to eight species. Multi-locus DNA sequence data provide an avenue to test species delimitation scenarios using genealogical and coalescent methods, employing gene and species trees. Here we tes...

Let E be an elliptic curve over Q with complex multiplication by the ring of integers of an imaginary quadratic eld. Let be the Hecke character associated to E by the theory of complex multiplication. Let be the complex conjugate character of. For a pair of integers k and j, deene the Hecke character ' = '(k; j) = k j. Let p be a prime where E has good, ordinary reduction. Let p be a xed prime ...

Morphological characters within the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex are defined explicitly. The genera Sporisorium and Anthracocystis are emended to reflect morphological synapomorphies. Three new genera, Langdonia, Stollia and Triodiomyces are described based on soral synapomorphies and host classification. The new classification of the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex i...