the present study was conducted to investigate the role of summary in teaching grammar process on pre-university students. to this end, 48 male pre-university students in semnan were participants. they were math class that we called experimental group and science class as control group. in order to make sure there was no significant difference in proficiency level of two groups. a pre-test wa...

this study investigated the functions, types and frequencies of code switching in the teachers and students discourse in elt classrooms. to this end, the participants of this study including two groups of teachers and students were selected. the first group of participants were two efl teachers teaching general english courses (at two different levels of proficiency) in an institutional program...

Study of growth condition of medicinal plants under different water stress levels could be as an indicator for cultivation of drought resistance species in water scarce regions. Abiotic stresses such as drought stress are the main limitation factors in crop production and landscape development in arid or semi-arid regions such as Iran. Using drought resistant medicinal plants for developing lan...

flow in natural river bends is a complex and turbulent phenomenon which affects the scour and sedimentations and causes an irregular bed topography on the bed. for the reason, the flow hydralics and the parameters which affect the flow to be studied and understand. in this study the effect of bed and wall roughness using the software fluent discussed in a sharp 90-degree flume bend with 40.3cm ...

in this study reference as one of the five cohesive devices in the achievement of textuality in english and persian narrative/descripitive written texts is focused on and analysed . to do so , the theoretical framework elaborated by halliday and hasan (1976) and its version adapted by the writer to match the sub-types of reference in farsi are applied to the analysis of reference in english and...

with the increasing population and the need for more food, as well as with the development of science and technology, human approach to unnatural and often chemical inputs to increase agricultural production has been a great expansion and problems such as increased cancers, chronic diseases has created environmental pollution. implementation of organic organic is a solution to these problems . ...

Drought stress is one of the most important restricting factors for plant yield in arid and semi-arid regions. Seaweed extract, as a biofertilizer, enhances plant resistance against abiotic stresses via accelerating seed germination, root growth enhancement and uptake of plant nutrients. The present research was carried out to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of Ascophyllum nodosum se...

In most parts of Iran, the presence of water and soil salinity in urban area results in problems for grass growth. One way to solve this problem is the use of plant growth retardant, such as trinexapac-ethyl (TE), which is common and routine in turf management. This study was performed to investigate the response of Agrostis stolonifera L., Agropyron desertorum L. and Festuca ovina L., grown in...

The experiment was conducted in 2012 to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on oil percent, oil yield, seed yield and some physiological charactristics on three local populations of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), at the University of Shahrekord, Iran. Experiment was carried out with three replications in a completely randomized design including five levels of salinity (1.2, 2, 2.6, 3.8 ...