Sewer overflows may cause communities to be vulnerable to various health problems and other monetary losses. This puts a lot of burden on responsible to minimize end user complaints. Therefore, crack prediction would be helpful to facilitate decision makers to control sewer overflow problems and prioritize inspection and rehabilitation needs . The accurate prediction of current underground sewe...

An existing deteriorated or hydraulically undersized pipe can be replaced with a new pipe by static pipe bursting. Cavity expansion during pipe bursting induces ground movements, which may potentially damage nearby buried utilities if they are in close proximity to the pipe bursting operation. A large-scale pipe bursting experiment was performed in an 8 m long, 8 m wide, and 3 m deep test pit f...

In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method is implemented by using of genetic algorithm techniques in order to determine optimum configuration of solar chimney power plant. The objective function which is simultaneously considered in the analysis is output power of the plant. Output power of the system is maximized. Design parameters of the considered plant include collector radius (R...

Objectives: A water pipe (hookah) is a tobacco smoking tool which is thought to be more harmless than a cigarette, and there are no adequate studies about its hazards to health. Water-pipe smoking is threatening health of the youth in the world today. The objective of this study has been to investigate the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in breath, examine the changes in pulmonary function tests (P...

in the construction process of a plastic concrete cut-off wall, concreting is usually performed using the termie pipe method. in this method, concreting is performed from the lowest point in the excavated trench (containing the slurry) using a funnel and the pipe connected to it. the concrete poured in the funnel gradually settles in the panel through the termie pipe which is beneath the slurry...

Collection of biological particles is the first and critical step for any biological agent detection system. Towards our goal of capturing and detecting airborne biological entities in real time, here we investigate on the design of an electrostatic particle capture system. We report on the capture of airborne 100 nm diameter polystyrene nanoparticles as a model system, in swirling flows under ...

Advanced bipolar transistors play a vital role in RF/Microwave applications. But they need to satisfy stringent demands on device performance parameters such as β, gm, and fT. Many of the bipolar technologies developed to meet these demands are vertical structures and suffer from many non−ideal effects at high collector current densities. In the present work, to enhance the performance limits o...

Open boundary conditions. Since the source current, Eq. 1, extends from z = −∞ to +∞ whereas our computational domain is finite, one has to apply suitable boundary conditions (see also [2]). Consider some accelerator component, residing in a vacuum cavity with attached beam pipe of smaller cross section than the cavity. Generally, the transitions from the pipe to the module have to be included ...

BACKGROUND Previous studies investigating the effect of cigar or pipe smoking on the occurrence of chronic cough and chronic phlegm have reported prevalences among cigar and pipe smokers lying between those of non-smokers and current cigarette smokers. This study uses data on previous cigarette consumption, current cigar or pipe consumption, and biochemical markers of smoking to provide a detai...