(Single years of age) Millions 0 1.60 While recent Russian demographic trends reflect the country's current economic and social malaise, they also continue to reveal the shocks experienced by Russia's population earlier in this century. Russia's fertility has been falling sharply since the breakup of the USSR: Russia's 1993 total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.4 ranks among the lowest in Europe. Des...

The article presents results of studying the amateur film “Scenes in Soviet Russia. Summer 1930” by American economist Frank Whitson Fetter (1899–1991) filmed Union summer 1930. Firstly, it reviews historiography cinema and notes methods used research on Fetter's film. section “Context creation” reconstructs conditions filming movie USSR circumstances its currency. came to country with intentio...

Recently researchers have conducted extensive investigations on China's Great Leap crisis. In this article, we critically review this literature and argue that, since the grain production collapse was not the only factor that led to the famine, the causes of these two catastrophes require separate examination. At the theoretical level multidimensional factors were responsible for the crisis. Ho...

This book was written as a sequel to an earlier volume by the same author on the impact of natural disasters, The Impact of Geology on the United States: A Reference Guide to Benefits and Hazards (Westport, CT:Greenwood Press, 2001). In this second volume, Angus M. Gunn provides an overview of human-made environmental disasters. He shows that although technology has given humankind enormous con...

If you were to write your first book and get a Pulitzer Prize, you might think about resting on your laurels, to quit while you’re ahead. But not Siddhartha Mukherjee, who felt compelled, after his Emperor of All Maladies definitive biography of cancer, to take on the big, highly ambitious project of telling the story of the gene—a story that had been previously told in many pieces but not from...

The case that engaging communities at a high risk of HIV to act in reducing their own vulnerability is essential to prevention programmes has gained widespread acceptance as a public health principle. Producing unequivocal evidence of its effectiveness in reducing HIV transmission is problematic however and the means and mechanisms through which such effects may operate remain a matter of debat...

When T.H. Huxley lectured on evolution and ethics in 1893, his critique of the amoral laws ‘cosmic process’ left audience puzzled. While paid little attention to political economic institutions, this article draws historical materialism that era its twentieth-century legacies. Empirically, it analyses rise fall a Hungarian state farm with reference comparative literature socialist societies. Th...