We consider the well motivated model of the (standard) supersymmetric (SUSY) Fterm hybrid inflation (FHI) which can be realized close to the grand unification (GUT) scale. The predicted scalar spectral index ns cannot be smaller than 0.98 and can exceed unity including corrections from minimal supergravity (SUGRA), if the number of e-foldings corresponding to the pivot scale k∗ = 0.002/Mpc is a...

High hardening of the steel, which is caused by martensitic transformation through cold forming, leads to significant local elastic roll deformation (flattening). The rolling strain-hardened steel requires higher forces and torques, result in high force. Roll flattening can be reduced using rolls made a material with significantly modulus elasticity. suitability ceramic materials for modern hot...

Mn-containing (2 and 4 mass%) Al–Mn-based alloys were fabricated by high-speed twin-roll casting (HSTRC). Al–4 mass%Mn–1 mass%Si strips contained coarse particles in the central band of cast strips. Microstructure chemical analyses revealed that primarily Al6(MnFe) β-Al(MnFe)Si. These formed during solidification process residual liquid, which slowly cooled after strip exited roll gap HSTRC. Ho...

Advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) is a highly competitive material for the automobile industry to resolve challenge of weight reduction and passenger safety. Cold hot composite roll forming newly developed manufacturing technology, which aims overcome defects such as microcrack, severe work hardening, thickness reduction, large corner radius in traditional cold process AHSS. In this paper, ma...

for a fiber optical surface plasmon resonance (spr) sensor a short part of its cladding should be removed to coat a thin layer of a metal. usually this is problematic when an optical fiber with small core diameter is used. in this paper, a new method using µliter droplet of the hf acid for short fiber optical taper fabrication is reported. using this method in a multi-mode optical fiber with th...

Flatness measurement using shape-rolls has been used in cold rolling mills for a long time. The benefit is obvious since the measured flatness profile can be used directly to control roll bending, tilt and cooling profile. It was therefore integrated in the mill control system at an early stage to control the strip shape against a target I-unit profile. However, since the flatness is also affec...

A TiN and TiN·Ti2Cu reinforced copper matrix composite layer was cladded onto a T3 copper substrate to improve the anti-wear performance of copper products by means of the nitrogen-shielded gas tungsten arc cladding method (N2-GTAC). Better than the traditional preparation method of TiN, the TiN particles in the cladding layer were in situ generated using N atoms of shielding gas and Ti atoms o...