We propose a new class of quintessence models in which late times oscillations of a scalar field give rise to an effective equation of state which can be negative and hence drive the observed acceleration of the universe. Our ansatz provides a unified picture of quintessence and a new form of dark matter we call Frustrated Cold Dark Matter (FCDM). FCDM inhibits gravitational clustering on small...

The manufacturing of the non-circular pipes made by reshaping process is becoming more and more important because of their utilizations as in different industries. In this work, a reshaping process is presented with cold rolling of a circular thick tube into a square cross section between four flat rolls in different passes. The influence of the amount of roll gap reduction in each pass on the ...

Carbon nanotube (CNT) films are gaining traction in applications such as transparent conductive films, electro-magnetic shields and thin film heaters. However, to date, few cost-effective large-area CNT coating methods have been reported. Here, we present a roll-to-roll (R2R) slot-die process for In this process, suspension is continuously coated on PET substrate subsequently dried packaged. Th...

Compared with other forming processes, Pilger cold rolling exhibits unique process characteristics and a simple production method, making it highly advantageous in terms of high-precision, high-strength, poor-plasticity alloys. Among them, the design parameters mill play significant role results, key being hole opening angle θ gap ΔK. In this study, numerical simulation model for an AZ31B magne...

Conjugated polymers are excellent candidates for use in low-cost electronics and photovoltaics (PV)1. Polymer-based solar cells have reached power conversion efficiencies of 5% in recent reports2–6. Deposition of organics by screen printing, doctor blading, inkjet printing, and spray deposition is possible because these materials can be made soluble. These techniques are required for the high-t...