We propose and analyze a simple variational model for dislocations at semi-coherent interfaces. The energy functional describes the competition between two terms: a surface energy induced by dislocations and a bulk elastic energy, spent to decrease the amount of dislocations needed to compensate the lattice misfit. We prove that, for minimizers, the former scales like the surface area of the in...

Advances in the visualization and prediction of turbulence are shedding new light on mass transfer in the turbulent boundary layer. These discoveries have important implications for many topics in environmental science and engineering, from the transport of earth-warming CO2 across the sea-air interface, to nutrient processing and sediment erosion in rivers, lakes, and the ocean, to pollutant r...

This paper summarizes some projects that deal with parallel computing on clusters of PCs. Although quite different approaches have been chosen, they have in common that they aim at shared data parallelization on the cluster platform. One approach is based on a SCI (Scalable Coherent Interface) network that provides transparent remote memory access. A programming interface as well as first appli...

Surface plasmons (SP) are coherent electronic waves at an interface, often studied at dielectric-metal interfaces. Their properties have been the focus of intense scrutiny due to their potential application across a wide variety of fields, including the development of novel electrooptic devices and a variety of sensing techniques. The experimental realisation of such devices is heavily dependen...

We demonstrate a counterintuitive approach for improving exchange-spring magnets. Contrary to the general belief that the exchange–spring interface must be ideal and atomically coherent, we thermally process, by annealing or high-temperature deposition, epitaxial Sm–Co/Fe thin-film bilayers to induce interfacial mixing. Synchrotron x-ray scattering and electron microscopy elemental mapping conf...

Merging software from 36 independent work packages into a coherent, unified software system with a lifespan of twenty years is the challenge faced by the Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer (MROI). We solve this problem by using standardized interface software automatically generated from simple highlevel descriptions of these systems, relying only on Linux, GNU, and POSIX without comple...

The impact of annealing on the structural and magnetic properties of sputtered [Gd/Co]n multilayers has been researched. Structural and phase contrast of atomic force microscope measurements at the imaging of the facet sample cross-section demonstrate that thermal annealing process at 700 K leads to intermixing between Co and Gd layers, i.e. the alloy formation around the former interface. Magn...

M. Kirkengen,1 J. Bergli,1 and Y. M. Galperin1,2,3 1Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway 2Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology at the University of Oslo, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA 3A. F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia Received 3 July 2006; revised...

Three different topics in phase-field modelling of solidification are discussed, with particular emphasis on the limitations of the currently available modelling approaches. First, thin-interface limits of two-sided phasefield models are examined, and it is shown that the antitrapping current is in general not sufficient to remove all thin-interface effects. Second, orientation-field models for...

We contend that the author of a Web page cannot completely define that document’s semantics and that semantics emerge through use. Semantics is context-sensitive. User browsing paths over a multimedia collection provide, we believe, the necessary context to derive semantics. We attempt to use information from several modalities to improve retrieval using a single modality. We have developed and...