BACKGROUND Impairment in social cognition is an established finding in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Emerging evidence suggests that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might be also associated with deficits in theory of mind (ToM) and emotion recognition. However, there are inconsistent findings, and it has been debatable whether such deficits persist beyond childhood and how si...

The implicit claim is that such a machine can learn at speeds comparable to learning in humans, and will not require evolutionary time-scales, despite having no specific knowledge about the environment initially, nor even any concepts (an ontology) specific to the environment. This is closely related to the ancient "tabula rasa" theory of knowledge acquisition, summarised here: http://en.wikipe...

neuropsychological studies have demonstrated that preclinical dementia accompanies a decreasing trend in cognitive state a few years prior to clinical diagnosis. sudden decline in episodic memory and semantic knowledge have been found to have the capability to differentiate patients in preclinical state of dementia from those experiencing normal aging. in addition, decline in episodic memory is...

patients and methods the study was performed on 40 tbi patients referred to the shahid beheshti hospital of kashan city and 40 normal controls in kashan. traumatic brain injured patients and normal controls were selected by convenience sampling. two groups filled out the demographic sheet, cognitive failures questionnaire (cfq) and meta-cognitions questionnaire 30 (mcq-30). the data were analyz...

Based on a review of the literature and on reports by people with autism, this paper suggests that atypical resource allocation is a factor that contributes to many aspects of autism spectrum conditions, including difficulties with language and social cognition, atypical sensory and attentional experiences, executive and motor challenges, and perceptual and conceptual strengths and weaknesses. ...

Introduction: Cognitive status of patients before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) affects their activities of daily living. Evaluation of cognition status and its related factors can help caregivers to plan suitable care programs. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the patient’s cognition status and its related factors before CABG. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study...

Evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests a relation between the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and cognitive function, but results are inconsistent. Prior reviews have not provided pooled data from meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), or they included younger adult participants. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the impact of the MeDi on ...

The thesis of embodied cognition has developed as an alternative to the view that cognition is mediated, at least in part, by symbolic representations. A useful testing ground for the embodied cognition hypothesis is the representation of concepts. An embodied view of concept representation argues that concepts are represented in a modality-specific format. I argue that questions about represen...