leishmaniasis is one of the major health problems and categorized as a class i disease (emerging and uncontrolled) by world health organization (who), causing highly significant morbidity and mortality. indeed, more than 350 million individuals are at risk of leishmania infection, and about 1.6 million new cases occur causing more than 50 thousands death annually. because of the severe toxicity...

background in spite of dozens of clinical trials to establish effective therapeutic and/or preventive vaccine to resolve hcv infection, no real vaccine has been proved to date. genetic vaccines based on replication-defective adenoviruses have proved to elicit strong and long lasting t-cell responses against a number of viral antigens and are even currently being used for vaccine trials in human...

chronic hepatitis b is still a major public health issue despite the successful prophylactic vaccination attempts. chronicity of hepatitis b virus(hbv) is mainly due to its ability to debilitate host's immune system. therefore, major measures have been taken to stop this process and help patients with chronic hepatitis b infection recover from their illness. while satisfactory results have...

Individuals are often co-infected with several parasite species, yet the consequences of drug treatment on the dynamics of parasite communities in wild populations have rarely been measured. Here, we experimentally reduced nematode infection in a wild mouse population and measured the effects on other non-target parasites. A single oral dose of the anthelmintic, ivermectin, significantly reduce...

Background The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular human pathogen causing toxoplasmosis predominantly in immune-compromised hosts such as cancer and transplant patients as well as patients with AIDS [1]. A specific cGMP-dependent protein kinase (TgPKG) which appears to be crucial for host invasion has been identified in T. gondii and related coccidial protozoa [...

In these last years, we are witnessing the emergence of a new class biopharmaceuticals based on messenger RNA (mRNA). One most promising applications mRNA is its use as vaccines. Many reports, including ours, have demonstrated preclinical efficacy vaccines several advantages over traditional or even DNA Unlike attenuated inactivated vaccines, encodes for specific antigen that will be expressed ...