Cobalt is a well-established inducer of hypoxia-like responses, which can cause gene modulation at the hypoxia inducible factor pathway to induce erythropoietin transcription. Cobalt salts are orally active, inexpensive, and easily accessible. It is an attractive blood doping agent for enhancing aerobic performance. Indeed, recent intelligence and investigations have confirmed cobalt was being ...

This listing of the class of cobalt and cobalt compounds that release cobalt ions in vivo (as defined below) supersedes the previous listing of cobalt sulfate in the Report on Carcinogens. The compound cobalt sulfate was first listed in the Eleventh Report on Carcinogens in 2004 as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental an...

A chemically modified electrode was successfully fabricated by means of depositing a thin layer of Copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) on an amine adsorbed gold nanoparticle graphite paraffin wax composite electrode using a new approach. The electrochemical characteristics of the modified electrode were studied using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The modified ...

We present a new design for an electrochemical cell for use with wafer working electrodes. The key feature of the design is the use of half turn thumb screws to form a liquid-tight seal between an o-ring and the sample surface. The assembly or disassembly of the cell requires a half turn of each thumb screw, which facilitates the quick turn around of wafer samples. The electrochemical performan...

We demonstrate a novel mechanism for controlling the frequency, amplitude, and existence of chemical oscillations. Using a ferrocyanide-iodate-sulfite reaction, we show that a chemical buffer can increase or decrease the frequency of oscillations. Furthermore, the same buffer can completely suppress or, conversely, induce oscillations when added to the appropriate composition. This simple buffe...

X-ray spectroscopies, when combined in laser-pump, X-ray-probe measurement schemes, can be powerful tools for tracking the electronic and geometric structural changes that occur during the course of a photoinitiated chemical reaction. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is considered an established technique for such measurements, and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of the strongest core-to-c...

A study of polyaniline (PANI) doping with various cobalt compounds, that is, cobalt(II) chloride, cobalt(II) acetate, and cobalt(II) salen, is presented. The catalysts were prepared by depositing cobalt compounds onto the polymer surface. PANI powders containing cobalt ions were obtained by one- or two-step method suspending PANI in the following acetonitrile/acetic acid solution or acetonitril...

BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to cobalt is well established in hard metal manufacture. Cobalt is known to cause contact allergy, asthma, hard metal lung disease, and lung cancer. The relationship between skin exposure and uptake determined in blood has not been extensively investigated. OBJECTIVE To examine whether skin and inhalable air exposure to cobalt contributes to uptake, determined...

We synthesized a variety o f colloidal and non-colloidal mixed hexacyanoferrate(II) com plexes of Fe, C u, C o, Ni, Z n . Mn and studied the cesium sorption in vitro under physiological conditions (artificial gastric juice. pH 1.2 and artificial duodenal ju ice. pH 6.8). All of the hexacyanoferrates under study (except cesium iron (III) hexacyanoferrate C sFeH C F) sorb tracer am ounts of 1'7Cs...

To determine the effects of cobalt chloride on human submandibular gland cells, HSG cells were exposed to various concentrations of cobalt chloride. Cobalt chloride induced cytotoxicity and cell death in HSG cells as determined by phase-contrast microscopy and WST-1 cell viability assay. By using the Hoechst 33342 staining, marked nuclear condensation and fragmentation of chromatin were observe...