Fractional plasticity has been originally proposed for capturing the state-dependent nonassociated behaviour of sand, with no use state variables and additional plastic potentials. However, coarse aggregates, significant particle breakage would occur, which could influence stress-strain material, by shifting critical line in e <...

Particle filters are used extensively for tracking the state of non-linear dynamic systems. This paper presents a new particle filter that maintains samples in the state space at dynamically varying resolution for computational efficiency. Resolution within statespace varies by region, depending on the belief that the true state lies within each region. Where belief is strong, resolution is fin...

Fine particle concentration (i.e., particles <2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5), but not coarse particle concentration, was associated with increased mortality in six U.S. cities. Others criticized this result, arguing that it could result from differences in measurement error between the two size ranges. Fine particles are primarily from combustion of fossil fuel, whereras coarse part...

What is the probability of a particle entering a given region of space at any time between t 1 and t 2 ? Standard quantum theory assigns probabilities to alternatives at a fixed moment of time and is not immediately suited to questions of this type. We use the decoherent histories approach to quantum theory to compute the probability of a non-relativistic particle crossing x = 0 during an inter...

We construct effective coarse-grained (CG) models for polymeric fluids by employing two coarse-graining strategies. The first one is a forward-coarse-graining procedure by the Mori-Zwanzig (MZ) projection while the other one applies a reverse-coarse-graining procedure, such as the iterative Boltzmann inversion (IBI) and the stochastic parametric optimization (SPO). More specifically, we perform...

We propose a general coarse-graining method to derive a continuity equation that describes any dissipative system of repulsive particles interacting through short-ranged potentials. In our approach, the effect of particle-particle correlations is incorporated to the overall balance of energy, and a nonlinear diffusion equation is obtained to represent the overdamped dynamics. In particular, whe...

In order to better understand the size distribution of particle-associated PBDEs and their deposition pattern in the human respiratory tract, we carried out a 1-year campaign during 2012–2013 for the measurement of sizeresolved particles at the urban site of Shanghai. The results showed that particulate PBDEs exhibited a bimodal distribution with a mode peak in the accumulation particle size ra...

Particle-based reaction-diffusion algorithms facilitate the modeling of the diffusional motion of individual molecules and the reactions between them in cellular environments. A physically realistic model, depending on the system at hand and the questions asked, would require different levels of modeling detail such as particle diffusion, geometrical confinement, particle volume exclusion or pa...

In recent works, Knuth and Bahreyni have demonstrated that the concepts of space and time are emergent in a coarse-grained model of direct particle-particle influence. In addition, Knuth demonstrated that observer-made inferences regarding the free particle, which is defined as a particle that influences others, but is not itself influenced, result in a situation identical to the Feynman checke...

In the current study, the kinetics of asphaltene particle flocculation is investigated under a shear flow through numerical simulation. The discrete element method (DEM) is coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model the agglomeration and fragmentation processes. In addition, a coalescence model is proposed to consider the attachment of colliding particles. The changes in mean asph...