RC1: Anonymous Referee #1 This small note describes a good experimental dataset collected in two contracted landuse areas. The manuscript has to be amended with hypothetical explanation of processes causing the observed multifractal properties. Otherwise it is purely descriptive narrative that does add to science. The recommendations of soil reclamation have to be substantiated with suggestions...

Each year surface mining in Appalachia disrupts large areas of forested land. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act requires coal mine operators to establish a permanent vegetative cover after mining, and current practice emphasizes soil compaction and planting of competitive forage grasses to stabilize the site and control erosion. These practices hinder recolonization of native hardw...

Open-cast coal mining presents a big global issue because of the large areas mines occupy, which get entirely changed. Their ecosystems lose most their functions, and huge amount fertile soil gets utterly destroyed. Reclamation is process returning functions after excavation finished, commonly achieved by establishing vegetation, can sometimes be very difficult. This happens due to physical, ch...

Abstract Reclamation obligation is one way to ensure environmentally sound mining activities. Nevertheless, Bangka Belitung islands, which have been excavated for tin since 3 centuries ago, leave environmental problems behind due poorly implemented reclamation obligations. Generally, Law Number 4 of 2009 on Minerals and Coal threatens this negligence with administrative sanctions such as writte...

JJ.Jiao Land reclamation has played a significant role in the urban development process in many coastal areas in the world. While reclamation provides valuable land, it also creates various coastal engineering, environmental and marine ecological problems. These problems directly caused by reclamation have been well recognized and widely studied. However, it has not been recognized yet that rec...

Early studies of mine reclamation emphasized trees for revegetating minesoils. Scientists of the USDA Forest Service transplanted four tree species in 1946 into leveled or unleveled overburden near Georgetown, OH, and into unleveled overburden near Dundee, OH. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) had good initial survival on both sites but died in later years due to locust borers (Megacyllene...

Land reclamation has played a significant role in the urban development process in coastal areas in many countries. Over the last 20 years, land reclamation has gained much popularity especially along coastal areas of the south and east China due to rapid development of industry and urbanization. While reclamation provides valuable land, it also creates various engineering, environmental and ec...

Land degradation is becoming one of the severest environmental issues in the world, especially in developing nations. Land degradation, usually accompanied by soil erosion, always results in a decrease or complete loss of land productivity, and produces on-site and off-site pollution to soil and water. The methods for land reclamation are various, including physical, chemical and biological. Th...