Bone is formed through the processes of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. In endochondral ossification primary mesenchymal cells differentiate to chondrocytes and then are progressively substituted by bone, while in intramembranous ossification mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate directly into osteoblasts to form bone. The steps of osteogenic proliferation, differentiation,...

objective(s): many cancer cells show significant resistance to drugs that kill drug sensitive cancer cells and non-tumor cells and such resistance might be a consequence of the difference in metabolism. therefore, studying the metabolism of drug resistant cancer cells and comparison with drug sensitive and normal cell lines is the objective of this research. material and methods:metabolism of c...

Introduction Conclusions References

The consequences of CO(2)-concentrating in leaf air-spaces of CAM plants during daytime organic acid decarboxylation in Phase III of CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) are explored. There are mechanistic consequences of internal CO(2) partial pressures, p(i)(CO(2)). These are (i) effects on stomata, i.e. high p(i)(CO(2)) eliciting stomatal closure in Phase III, (ii) regulation of malic acid rem...

INTRODUCTION Secondary metabolites of fungi are receiving an increasing amount of interest due to their prolific bioactivities and the fact that fungal biosynthesis of secondary metabolites often occurs from co-regulated and co-located gene clusters. This makes the gene clusters attractive for synthetic biology and industrial biotechnology applications. We have previously published a method for...

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (S.N., H.T., A.W., Y.M., W.S., D.S., T.I.), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan Clinical Data and Biostatistics Department (K.S., K.H.), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan R&D Planning Department (O.O.), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromac...

T Cell Evolution In a traditional Chinese legend, fish leaps over the dragon gate becoming dragon. article number 2201164, Jialong Yang and co-workers reveal that tilapia mammals share similar T-cell functions, while conserved glutamine (scales) metabolism builds foundation supporting steady evolution of cells between tetrapod (dragon).

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (S.N., H.T., A.W., Y.M., W.S., D.S., T.I.), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan Clinical Data and Biostatistics Department (K.S., K.H.), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan R&D Planning Department (O.O.), Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromac...

background and objective: production of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolyesters consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate units was for the first time studied using the production strain hydrogenophaga pseudoflava based on sustainable raw materials. this strategy provides for increased cost efficiency in pha production and in enhanced material quality. material and methods: as a particula...