The patient succumbed to CNS disease 3 months afterward, despite CNS-directed chemotherapy. Sequencing of the BCR-ABL kinase domain from BM blasts, at the time of BC, and CSF tumor cells, at CNS relapse, did not show any mutation. The lack of BM blastosis, the reduced marrow BCR-ABL levels and the absence of a mutated clone, in BM and CSF, at the onset of meningeal leukemia, indicate that syste...

All adult patients with Burkitt lymphoma or lymphoblastic lymphoma should receive central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy with both intrathecal and high-dose systemic chemotherapy. There is no evidence to support the routine use of prophylactic CNS-directed therapy in any specific subgroup of adult patients with 'low grade' lymphomas. There are some anatomical sites where involvement by l...

Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a rare subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the heart and/or pericardium with no or minimal evidence of extracardiac involvement at presentation. Distant relapses have infrequently been observed. We report two cases of this disorder that showed isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse. Diagnosis by endomyocardial biopsy was consistent with diffuse la...

UNLABELLED The outcomes of Central Nervous System (CNS) relapses in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated in the ALL R3 trial, between January 2003 and March 2011 were analysed. Patients were risk stratified, to receive a matched donor allogeneic transplant or fractionated cranial irradiation with continued treatment for two years. A randomisation of Idarubicin with Mitoxant...

Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is an infrequent but severe complication for DLBCL patients, associated with poor prognosis. Intravenous prophylaxis with high-dose methotrexate has shown promising results but is rarely feasible in elderly and/or nephropathic patients. A 83 years old woman with CNS relapse occurred 6 months after chemoimmunotherapy. The patient was defined ineligible for ra...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the CNS that is presumably mediated by CD4(+) autoimmune T cells. Although both Th1 and Th17 cells have the potential to cause inflammatory CNS pathology in rodents, the identity of pathogenic T cells remains unclear in human MS. Given that each Th cell subset preferentially expresses specific chemokine receptors, we were interested to know ...

Between April 1985 and March 1987 130 children and adolescents up to 18 years of age with first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were registered on the stratified and randomized multicentric trial ALL-REZ BFM 85 designed for patients pretreated with intensive front-line therapies. Stratification criteria were time and site of relapse: bone marrow (BM) relapse on or up to 6 months a...

Primary plasma cell leukaemia (pPCL) is a rare and aggressive form of plasma cell malignancies with a very poor prognosis. Compared to other plasma cell malignancies the tendency to extramedullary spread is increased; however central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare and only reported in few cases. We report the case of a 61-year-old man who was diagnosed with pPCL and achieved a complet...

We describe two patients with break point cluster region-Abelsen (BCR-ABL)-positive acute leukemia who had an isolated relapse in the central nervous system (CNS) while receiving a next-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor. The first had B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia which relapsed in the CNS while maintaining molecular remission in the bone marrow on nilotinib. The second patient had an isolated...

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APML) is a condition classically characterised by t(15;17) (q22, q21), with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) being a major cause of death. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement with APML commonly occurs in relapse; however, it is rarely seen at presentation, with only six reported cases in the literature. This case is the first to describe a patien...