Process, supply voltage, and temperature (PVT) are three important factors which contribute to performance variation of the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) based analog circuits. In this paper, CMOS circuit design with PVT effects explored. The on circuits introduced. optimization such as differential amplifier (DA) two-stage operational (op amp) variations different algorithms c...

Operational amplifier (op amp) oscillators can be used to accurately measure resistive and capacitive sensors. Oscillator design can be simplified by using the procedure discussed in this application note. The derivation of the design equations provides a method to select the passive components and determine the influence of each component on the frequency of oscillation. The procedure will be ...

The schematic of the active bridge is shown in Appendix A. A photo of an assembled bridge is shown in Appendix B. The bridge contains two op amps. The input is buffered by the first op amp and sent to an output connector for the DUT. The reflection from the DUT returns to that connector where it is amplified by the second op amp. The DUT port presents a nice 50-ohm impedance to the DUT, which a...

IR sensor circuit is used to detect the presence of IR signals from electronic device. Here an operational amplifier (op-amp) of LM 339 is used as comparator circuit. An electronic detector is cooled to low temperatures using liquid helium. Here we build touch sensors, speaker circuits, microphone circuits, and much, more. Visit here if How to Build a Night Light Circuit with an LM741 Op Amp Ho...

In order to intelligently select the correct high speed op amp for a given application, an understanding of the various op amp topologies as well as the tradeoffs between them is required. The two most widely used topologies are voltage feedback (VFB) and current feedback (CFB). An overview of these topologies has been presented in previous tutorials (MT-050, MT051, MT-052), but the following d...

As op amp operating speeds have moved to ever higher frequencies, a whole new set of design concerns have come into play for linear op amp applications. With the development of the current feedback topology, design concerns unique to that topology must also be considered if optimal performance is to be achieved from devices offering over 200 MHz −3 dB bandwidths. This discussion will review som...

This paper proposes an approach for designing a R-2R 10 bit Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) which could be made to operate at low voltage supply by efficiently exploiting the cascaded Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) architecture. The DAC operates at a 3V power supply with a settling time of 50-100ns , dynamic range of around 50-60 dB for signals upto a frequency of 10Mhz. Graph & simulation re...

The operational amplifier (op amp) is one of the most encountered analog building blocks. In this paper, the problem of testing an integrated op amp is treated. A new low-cost vectorless test solution, known as oscillation test, is investigated to test the op amp. During the test mode, the op amps are converted to a circuit that oscillates and the oscillation frequency is evaluated to monitor f...

This paper presents a high-frequency frdly differential BiCMOS operational amplifier designed for use in switched-capacitor circuits. The OP amp is integrated in a 3. O-GHZ, 2~m BiCMOS process with an active die area of 1.0 mm x 1.2 mm. This BiCMOS op amp offers an infinite input resistance, a dc gain of 100 dB, a nnity-gain freqnency of 90 MHz with 45° phase margin, and a slew rate of 150 V/ p...