Journal clubs are an integral element of residency training. We report the successful implementation of a monthly structured journal club in our anesthesia residency program. Based on resident surveys before and one year after its start, the journal club led to a significantly higher confidence in how to critically appraise literature and present a manuscript. The journal club also improved the...

1.1 Definition. Let X be a nonempty set. A set c ⊂ P(X) is club in P(X) if there is a function f : X → X for which c is the set of A ⊂ X closed under f . Given a cardinal κ ≤ |X|, c is club in [X] (or in [X]) if c is the set of A ∈ [X] (or [X]) closed under f . A set a ⊂ P(X) is stationary in P(X) if it intersects every club subset of P(X), and stationary in [X] (or [X]) if it intersects every ...

The sliding stop method of fielding in cricket is gaining popularity in schools and club cricket through its frequent exposure on television. The case history is reported of a cricketer who suffered a torn medial meniscus in his knee, a rare cricketing injury, while performing this technique incorrectly in a club game. The correct method of performing the technique is described in coaching manu...

File-sharing systems, like many online and traditional information sharing communities (e.g. newsgroups, BBS, forums, interest clubs), are dynamical systems in nature. As peers get in and out of the system, the information content made available by the prevailing membership varies continually in amount as well as composition, which in turn affects all peers' join/leave decisions. As a result, t...

The Kids’ Club, run by the Department of Computer Science at the University of Joensuu in Eastern Finland, gives children the chance to construct robots using the LEGO Mindstorms kits (The LEGO group, 2002) and program them using computers. The children in the club are all between 10 and 14 years old and have been participating in the group for up to one year. They have developed a competent un...

We present a link–rewiring mechanism to produce surrogates of a network where both the degree distribution and the rich–club connectivity are preserved. We consider three real networks, the AS–Internet, the protein interaction and the scientific collaboration. We show that for a given degree distribution, the rich–club connectivity is sensitive to the degree–degree correlation, and on the other...

Modeling club structures as bipartite networks, we formulate the problem of club formation as a game of network formation and identify those club networks that are stable if agents behave farsightedly in choosing their club memberships. Using the farsighted core as our stability notion, we show that if agents’ payoffs are single-peaked and agents agree on the peak club size (i.e., agents agree ...

Ignacio Vives Ponseti developed a noninvasive method for treating congenital club foot in the US during the late 1940s. Congenital club foot is a deformity that affects the tissues in the lower leg and foot such that the foot abnormally turns inwards and upwards. Ponseti developed the method after noting that an affected infant's tissues are malleable and could respond to gentle correction inst...

'Club drugs' which include Ecstasy, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), ketamine, and Rohypnol (flunitrazepam) have become popular with participants in 'raves', because they are perceived to enhance energy, endurance, sociability and sexual arousal. These drugs vary in their pharmacologic properties, physiological and psychological effects, and potential consequences. The use of club drugs by young pe...

Club cells (Clara cells) participate in bronchiolar wound repair and regeneration. Located in the bronchioles, they become activated during alveolar injury in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and migrate into the affected alveoli, a process called alveolar bronchiolisation. The purpose of this migration and the role of club cells in alveolar wound repair is controversial. This study was unde...