Ketosis is a common metabolic disorder in high-producing dairy cows during the peripartal period. Negative energy balance leads to increased circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ?-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), consequently increasing risk ketosis. It well-known that NEFA BHB can induce lipotoxicity oxidative stress bovine tissues/organs including liver adipose tissue. Although ma...

One of the typical and mandatory reactions body to trauma or infectious agents for damage any tissues organs is acute phase reaction, which an induced increase in synthesis followed by blood a number proteins with immunological, bactericidal, antioxidant inhibitory functions. The purpose study determine levels cytokines clinically healthy cows, pigs dogs, as well cows purulent-necrotic processe...

Serial small intestinal biopsies related to withdrawal and challenge with cows' milk are described in 5 infants with cows' milk protein intolerenace. On the basis of these serial observations the existence of a cows' milk-sensitive enteropathy in infancy is clearly established. The cows' milk-sensitive mucosal lesion varied in its severity ranging from a partly flat mucosa to a mild degree of p...

The transition from gestation to lactation is marked by significant physiological changes for the individual cow such that disease incidence is highest in early lactation. Around the time of calving, cows rely on mobilisation of body energy reserves to fill the energy deficit created by an increase in nutrient demands at a time of restricted feed intake. It is well established that monitoring o...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial mediator in host defense and is one of the major killing mechanisms within macrophages. Its induction is highly affected by the types of cytokines and the infectious agents present. In the current study, NO production was evaluated after in vitro infection of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis...

The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) and the activity of ceruloplasmin (Cp) in milk from cows with clinical mastitis of various severities and with subclinical mastitis in aspect of their usefulness for the detection of mastitis in cows. The concentration of SAA was determined using the commercial ELISA kit. The activity of Cp was determined according...

A total of 90 cows from three commercial farms were used to evaluate the relationship between subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis and thermal nociceptive threshold. Milk strips from all udder quarters were tested for clinical mastitis with visual inspection of milk and udder alterations and for subclinical mastitis using California Mastitis Test. Milk yield was recorded, milk was sampled...