In integrated assessments of climate change, greenhouse-gas emissions and climate change impacts provide the linkages between the world economy and the climate system. Key climatic processes operate at the scales of centuries. This requires highly aggregated models for portraying the dynamics of the economic system. An extended Ramsey-type optimal growth model is presented as the appropriate to...

Aim Climatic niche breadth (the range of climatic conditions that a species experiences over space and time) is a fundamental topic in ecology, biogeography and evolution. But what determines the climatic niche width of species? In 1967, Janzen suggested that climatic niche widths for temperature were determined by levels of seasonal fluctuation in temperature at each locality, such that niche ...

this paper seeks to investigate a new definition for architecture by unifying the three vitruvian principles of firmitas, utilities, and venustas via a phenomenological approach in the interpretation and analysis of their role in defining architecture. the paper is composed in two main sections. the first section investigates the nature of architecture based on the mentioned principles, where a...

this article presents a novel method and development paradigm that proposes a general template for an enterprise information structure and allows for the automatic generation and modification of enterprise workflows. this dynamically integrated workflow development approach utilises a conceptual ontology of domain processes and tasks, enterprise charts, and enterprise entities. it also suggests...

Today, while there is a pressing need to rethink architectural practices in the face of societal, climatic, and ecological crises, better understanding how architects past have rethought their role contribution seem increasingly relevant. This article examines projects from 1960s 70s by two Danish women architects, Susanne Ussing Anne Marie Rubin, people with whom they worked. These actively wa...

While average temperature is likely to increase in most locations on Earth, many places will simultaneously experience higher variability in temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables. Although ecologists and evolutionary biologists widely recognize the potential impacts of changes in average climatic conditions, relatively little attention has been paid to the potential impacts of...

Abstract The analysis of the climate and microclimatic conditions a place is directly linked with principles bioclimatic architecture thus provides an insight for first stages design or redesign buildings. aim this article to provide methodology building which as far sustainable parameters are concerned, involves comprehension climate. Climatic can be done combination different sources, data so...

Many organisms are accumulating climatic debt as they respond more slowly than expected to rising global temperatures, leading disequilibrium of species diversity with contemporary climate. The resulting transient dynamics complex and may cause overoptimistic biodiversity assessments. We propose a simple budget framework integrate two classes intervention: (i) credits that pay some the debt, re...