Mimetic species evolve colours and body patterns to closely resemble poisonous species and thus avoid predation (Batesian mimicry), or resemble beneficial or harmless species in order to approach and attack prey (aggressive mimicry). Facultative mimicry, the ability to switch between mimic and non-mimic colours at will, is uncommon in the animal kingdom, but has been shown in a cephalopod, and ...

Cleaning behaviour has generally been viewed from the cleaner or client's point of view. Few studies, however, have examined cleaning behaviour from the parasites' perspective, yet they are the equally-important third players in such associations. All three players are likely to have had their evolution affected by the association. As cleaner organisms are important predators of parasites, clea...

The air pollution-related health benefits of interventions to reduce indoor air pollution from cooking and heating with solid fuels are evaluated in South and South-east Asia, Africa, and the Americas using generalized cost-effectiveness methodology. Three scenarios are assessed: 1) providing access to cleaner fuels, (2) providing access to improved stoves, and (3) providing part of the populat...

The flotation circuit in Sungun copper plant consists of two column flotation cells as cleaner, having fixed-spargers system. To achieve the expected aims in flotation step, there are serious operational challenges such as: fast choking of the static mixers, boiling problem, burping phenomena and pulp overflow to concentrate lander, maintenance and control problems. An attempt was exerted by im...

This Paper presents an on-going research in the area of Model-Driven Engineering (MDE). The premise is that UML is too unwieldy to serve as the basis for model-driven engineering. We need a smaller, simpler notation with a cleaner semantics. We propose some ideas for a simpler notation with a clean semantics. The result is known as μML, or the Micro-Modelling Language. Keywords—Model-driven eng...

We determine the three-neutrino mixing and mass parameters that are allowed by the solar and atmospheric neutrino data when vacuum oscillations are responsible for both phenomena. The global fit does not appreciably change the allowed regions for the parameters obtained from effective twoneutrino fits. We discuss how measurements of the solar electron energy spectrum below 6.5 GeV in Super-Kami...

A coding theorem is proved for the secret sharing communication system (SSCS) with two Gaussian wiretap channels. This communication system is an extension of both the SSCS with two noiseless channels and the Gaussian wiretap channel (GWC). The admissible region of rates and security levels for the SSCS with two GWC’s is described by the capacities and secrecy capacities of two GWC’s.