What is it to be clear? And will that question have the same answer in science, poetry, and philosophy? This paper offers a taxonomy of clarity, before focusing on two notions are pertinent clarity and, particular, philosophy. It argues “scientific clarity,” which marked by its reliance technical terms, is, though often appropriate, not only way something can clear. In poetry entirely eschews t...

Experiments were designed to produce illusions of immediate memory and of perception, in order to demonstrate that subjective experience of familiarity and perceptual quality may rely on an unconscious attribution process. Subjects saw a short and rapidly presented list of words, then pronounced and judged a target word. We influenced the fluency of pronouncing the target through independent ma...

We develop a measure of a query with respect to a collection of documents with the aim of quantifying the query’s ambiguity with respect to those documents. This measure, the clarity score, is the relative entropy between a query language model and the corresponding collection language model. We substantiate that the clarity score measures the coherence and specificity of the language used in d...

The relationships between leadership clarity (i.e. team members’ consensual perceptions of clarity of, and no conflict over leadership of their teams), team processes and innovation were examined in health care contexts. The sample comprised 3,447 respondents from 98 primary health care teams, 113 community mental health teams, and 72 breast cancer care teams. The results revealed that leadersh...