An efficient N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed sulfenylation reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with N-(arylthio)phthalimide has been developed. A wide variety of α-thioenals can be obtained with good to excellent yields and excellent Z-configuration.

In this paper we construct a q-deformation of the Witt-Burnside ring of a profinite group over a commutative ring, where q ranges over the ring of integers. When q = 1, this coincides with the Witt-Burnside ring introduced by A. To achieve our goal we show that there exists a q-deformation of the necklace ring of a profinite group over a commutative ring. As in the classical case, i.e., the cas...

The following result is proved: Let R be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring, and let T : R → R be an additive mapping, related to a surjective homomorphism θ : R → R, such that 2T (x2) = T (x)θ(x) + θ(x)T (x) for all x ∈ R. Then T is both a left and a right θ-centralizer.

the dower is the first financial debt which established incumbent upon the husband after the realization of marriage. the wife has the right to demand the debt from the husband and then obtain its possession. if after the request of the wife, the husband claims to be insolvent and unable to pay the debt, the legal procedure of iranian courts is that the husband is sentenced to imprisonment so t...

Research into human models of intuitive physics typically falls into one of two camps, either claiming that intuitive physics is biased and not representative of real physics, or claiming that it consists of a collection of veridical physical laws. Here we investigate the causes of this tension, suggesting that prediction is based on real physics, but explanation is susceptible to biases. We ga...

In the light of increasing public mistrust, there is an urgent need to clarify the moral status of the medical profession and of the relationship of the clinician to his/her patients. In addressing this question, I first establish the coherence, within moral philosophy generally, of the concept of supererogation (the doing of more than one’s duty). I adopt the notion of an act of “unqualified” ...

The goal of this paper is to draw attention to the long lasting effect of education on economic outcomes. We use the relationship between education and two routes to early retirement – the receipt of Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) and the early claiming of Social Security retirement benefits – to illustrate the long-lasting influence of education. We find that for both men and women ...

In this paper we describe a system that uses patterns of eye blinks as a biometric. Each user chooses a personal blink pattern based on a song (for example “Jingle Bells”). To establish their identity, the user looks at the system’s camera and blinks to the cadence of their chosen song. Computer vision is used to detect the blinks and to compare the blinked cadence to a database of stored blink...