Previous analyses on the gauge invariance of the action for a generally covariant system are generalized. It is shown that if the action principle is properly improved, there is as much gauge freedom at the endpoints for an arbitrary gauge system as there is for a system with “internal” gauge symmetries. The key point is to correctly identify the boundary conditions for the allowed histories an...

OSCAR is a fully implemented architecture for a cognitive agent, based largely on the author’s work in philosophy concerning epistemology and practical cognition. The seminal idea is that a generally intelligent agent must be able to function in an environment in which it is ignorant of most matters of fact. The architecture incorporates a general-purpose defeasible reasoner, built on top of an...

Perimidine ruthenium complexes ([Ru(L1-2)(p-cymene)Cl]Cl) were synthesized and used to produce Ru-doped ZnO thin films by the sol–gel spin-coating method. These characterized using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, UV–Vis, photoluminescence (PL) spectra. It was determined XRD analysis that all have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The residual stress generally compressive ranged from ? 2.117 1.4 GPa as content i...