The challenges posed by modern warfare oblige us to reinterpret traditional concepts in order offer better protection civilians, and prevent states deny their responsibilities. Therefore, the requirement of ‘boots on ground’ should not be accepted as only way exercise authority occupying power since it becomes exception rather than rule today. At this point, is significant focus which functions...

For more than two decades, the United Nations Security Council has tasked Blue Helmets to use all necessary means – including lethal force protect civilians from violence. Despite policymakers’ emphasis on reducing threats civilians, we remain ignorant of conditions leading successful outcomes when is used protect. Introducing four promising causal conditions, this article employs a new dataset...

An important question for ecologically valid virtual environments is whether cohort characteristics affect immersion. If a method for assessing a certain neurocognitive capacity (e.g. attentional processing) is adapted to a cohort other than the one that was used for the initial normative distribution, data obtained in the new cohort may not be reflective of the neurocognitive capacity in quest...

Introduction: Eventhough several studies has shed light on the effect of emotions on cognitive processes such as decision-making, research on naturalistic decision making has so far been virtually silent on the issue of emotions. Thus, the aim of the present research was to investigate how affect states influence the performance of a group of proficient decision-makers, police officers, in the ...

From a stratified random sample, 2,018 active-duty United States Air Force women completed a telephone survey dealing with sexual assault and harassment. The lifetime prevalence of rape among Air Force women (28%) was more than twice as high as the prevalence in a national sample (13%). Nearly half of the military sample had been the victims of rape, molestation, or attempted sexual assault. Th...

Emergency rescues require that first responders provide support to evacuate injured and other civilians who are obstructed by the hazards. In this case, the emergency personnel can take actions strategically in order to rescue people maximally, efficiently and quickly. The paper studies the effectiveness of a random neural network (RNN)-based task assignment algorithm involving optimally matchi...

The international community has a declared intention to protect innocent civilians from direct and deliberate violence in civil conflicts, but its track record of actually doing so is mixed. Using a new monthly time-series data set, we explore the factors associated with variations in the number of civilians killed or wounded by participants in the civil war in Peru during the 1980s and 1990s. ...

The Biden Administration, in one of its first consequential foreign policy decisions, announced that it would undertake a comprehensive review the United States drone program. Officials promised this consider all available evidence. In Article, show U.S. program violates international law because ways terrorizes civilian populations. officials from both parties have argued drones are an effecti...