bioremediation of heavy metals remains a major challenge in environmental biotechnology. biosorption is a novel technique for decreasing metal ion content in the waste water. biosorption experiments for cu (ii) were investigated in this study using bacteria isolated from the industrial effluent. the results showed that the dead cells of pseudomonas sp. were an efficient adsorbent of cu (ii). fo...

in this work, a green, simple and highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes is described. the condensation of indoles with carbonyl compounds catalyzed by citric acid in water affords bis(indolyl)methanes in high yields and relatively short reaction times. the advantages of this method are using of water as a low cost solvent and efficient recyclability of the catalyst.

Citric acid obtained through the microbial fermentation is considered synthetic while that of present in fruits is referred to as natural (Ranya et al., 1999; Karklins et al., 2001). It is responsible for the tart taste of various fruits e.g., lemons, limes, oranges, pineapples, pears and gooseberries. It can be extracted from the citrus fruit juice by adding calcium oxide to form calcium citra...

The H-point standard addition method was applied to kinetic data for simultaneous determination of citric and ascorbic acid or selective determination of ascorbic acid in presence of citric acid. The method is based on the difference in the rate of reaction of citric and ascorbic acid with copper(II)-ammonia complex. The linear dynamic ranges for the two analytes of citric and ascorbic acid are...

Our present knowledge in the metabolism of citric acid in vitro in animal tissues is derived almost entirely either from experiments with tissue preparations possessing both synthesizing and utilizing properties regarding this acid, or from experiments carried out by means of crude preparations of one or other of the enzyme systems involved in citric acid metabolism, therefore without dynamic c...