Liver is apparently the major storage organ of vitamin B12 (B12). Experiments with radioactive B12 have shown that when this substance is administered orally the major part of the absorbed B12 is accumulated in the liver of the human body (1). It has been reported that serurp B12 levels in patients with acute or chronic liver diseases are markedly elevated (2-5). In experimental acute hepatic n...

Chronic diseases are the most prevalent worldwide. Evidence-based medicine points to primary care as effective tool minimize burden through prevention and early detection of diseases. In keeping with this, arm can be regarded gatekeeper public health. The rising incidence chronic indicates that system may fail live up its responsibility. We present a case an elderly male who came hospital advan...

Inflammatory liver diseases comprise the second most common cause of liver disease in cats. The two major forms of inflammatory liver disease described in North America are cholangiohepatitis (acute and chronic forms) and lymphocytic portal hepatitis. Signalment, clinical signs, clinical laboratory data, and ultrasonography can be used to establish a presumptive diagnosis of inflammatory liver ...

background: serial measurement of  hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna levels in the liver and its relation with liver damage and serum hbv dna levels are guide to begin and/or end a treatment course. this study evaluated the relationship between liver hepatitis b dna viral load with liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis b (hbv). methods:  thirty patients with chronic anti-hbe positive hep...

Liver biopsy (LB) remains a major tool in chronic liver disease evaluation. Main current indications of LB in chronic liver disease are reviewed in this manuscript. Major development of non-invasive tools for evaluation of liver fibrosis led to decrease of LB indications in patients with chronic hepatitis C. LB is the only tool for exploration of necroinflammatory and fibrosis lesions in chroni...

At the present time, pathological examination of a liver fragment obtained by liver biopsy remains an essential diagnostic tool of numerous chronic liver diseases [1] Indications for liver biopsy (LB) have changed considerably over recent years due to the development of sensitive and specific tests for diagnosis of several chronic liver diseases (i.e., serology for hepatitis C, antimitochondria...

The occurrence of depression is higher in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) than that in the general population. The mechanism described in previous studies mainly focused on inflammation and stress, which not only exists in CLD, but also emerges in common chronic diseases, leaving the specific mechanism unknown. This review was to summarize the prevalence and risk factors of depression...

Background Chronic liver diseases irrespective of etiology causes liver parenchymal loss and fibrosis. Continued liver damage and untreated liver fibrosis and leads to cirrhosis and its associated complications. Prognosis and management of chronic liver diseases greatly depend on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis. There is renewed interest in early detection and staging of liver fibr...

The serum levels of the carbohydrate antigen sialyl Lewis X (SLEX) increase in liver diseases (Sunayama T, Okada Y, Tsuji T., J Hepatol 1994; 19: 451-458). However, it is not known whether the increased serum SLEX levels are associated with the increased levels of its carrier molecules and/or the increased density of SLEX per carrier molecule. By using of rabbit antibody against an SLEX-positiv...

Cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) have recently emerged as novel mediators of liver diseases. Endogenous activation of CB1 receptors promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and progression of liver fibrosis associated with chronic liver injury; in addition, CB1 receptors contribute to the pathogenesis of portal hypertension and cirrhot...