We have described previously (1) the study in vitro of a series of analogues and homologues of choline as substrates for the enzyme choline dehydrogenase. These compounds consisted of methylated and ethylated products, both simple and mixed, of ethanolamine, 1-aminopropanol-3, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol-1, 1-aminopropanol-2, and 2-amino-2-methyl1,3-propanediol, together with the parent amines. Of...

We have examined the question of how regenerating sympathetic neurons that are concomitantly induced to become cholinergic regulate choline allocation between ACh and the phospholipid synthetic pathway. The allocation of choline into ACh increased parabolically with time in culture, and by 3 weeks, cultures with neurites of approximately 6 mm length were incorporating over 85% of the choline lo...

1. Ehrlich ascites-cell extracts convert choline and ethanolamine approximately equally well into their respective phosphoryl derivatives. 2. Choline is a potent inhibitor of ethanolamine phosphorylation, but ethanolamine has little effect on choline phosphorylation. 3. 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol, cysteine and Ca2+ inhibit ethanolamine phosphorylation, but have no detectable effect on choline phosp...

The influence of choline availability on acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus of the awake rat was investigated using the microdialysis procedure. Three treatments enhancing choline availability for basal and atropine-evoked ACh release were evaluated: acute administration of choline chloride (20 mg/kg i.p.); pretreatment of animals with nicotinamide (10 mmol/kg s.c.) 2 hr before atro...

In the course of studies on the intermediary metabolism of choline, a large number of determinations of free choline in plasma was required. As none of the methods hitherto described was satisfactory for our purpose, a sensitive chemical method was developed by which the free choline could be accurately determined by using small amounts of plasma. The chemical methods most commonly used for the...

In this work, various 3-cyano-4-aryl-4H-pyran derivatives were prepared efficiently through a one-pot,multicomponent synthesis between aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile and acetophenone derivativesor ethyl acetoacetate using Fe3O4/EDTA magnetic nanocatalyst and ethanol as solvent. The reactionswere completed at room temperature in 10 min using 5 mg of catalyst and 2 mL of solvent to prepare1 mmo...

Background: Choline is an important nutrient either obtained from a variety of foods or synthesized endogenously, and it is the precursor of betaine. We previously reported positive associations between plasma free choline and bone mineral density (BMD). Animal studies suggest an impact of dietary choline on bone metabolism, but the role of dietary intake of choline and betaine for human bone h...

Supplementation of maternal diet with the essential nutrient, choline, during the second half of pregnancy in rats causes long-lasting improvements in spatial memory in the offspring and protects them from the memory decline characteristic of old age. In contrast, prenatal choline deficiency is associated with poor performance in certain cognitive tasks. The mechanism by which choline influence...

Abnormal choline metabolism serves as a marker associated with oncogenesis and tumour progression. 11Cand 18F-labeled choline are positron emission tomography (PET) tracers used to study choline uptake. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS) can detect choline and choline metabolites non-invasively; increased levels of these compounds serve as biomarkers of transformation, staging and r...

twenty four primiparous and multiparous holstein cows on early lactation, beginning five weeks postpartum, were used for four weeks to investigate the effects of supplemention of rumen-protected choline (rpc) or vitamin e on milk yield, milk composition, dry matter intake, body condition score and body weight. the cows were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: i)no supplement (...