objective(s): this study aimed to compare the diagnostic values of 11c-choline and 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose (18f-fdg) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (pet/ct) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (cca). methods: this prospective study was conducted on 10 patients (6 males and 4 females), aged 42-69 years, suspected of having cca based on ct or magnetic resonance imaging (mri) resu...

Micromethods for the determination of choline have been described by Beattie (1936) and Glick (1944). Both procedures involved the use of Reinecke salt as a precipitant, required 20150 pmoles of choline and depended on measurement of the pink colour of an acetone solution of the precipitate. More sensitive modifications of the reineckate method depend upon measurement of the chromium content of...

Despite the known adverse consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure, some pregnant women continue to drink alcohol, making it imperative to identify treatments for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The authors recently reported that perinatal choline supplementation can reduce some fetal alcohol effects (J. D. Thomas, M. Garrison, & T. M. O'Neill, 2004), and the present study exam...

Nucleic acids have become a powerful tool in nanotechnology because of their conformational polymorphism. However, lack of a medium in which nucleic acid structures exhibit long-term stability has been a bottleneck. Ionic liquids (ILs) are potential solvents in the nanotechnology field. Hydrated ILs, such as choline dihydrogen phosphate (choline dhp) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) prepared fro...

Eutectic mixtures of urea and a range of quaternary ammonium salts are liquid at ambient temperatures and have interesting solvent properties.

The Fischer indole synthesis occurs in high yield with one equivalent of the ionic liquid choline chloride[middle dot]2ZnCl(2); exclusive formation of 2,3-disubstituted indoles is observed in the reaction of alkyl methyl ketones, and the products readily sublime directly from the ionic liquid.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently been postulated as possible environments where protein structure may be preserved in the absence of water. Here we present our results towards understanding protein conformation in choline chloride-based DES and mixtures with water. Lysozyme and bovine serum albumin have been investigated by means of circular dichroism and small-angle neutron scattering.

Three natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES; choline chloride (CC): lactic acid (LA), CC: oxalic (OA), urea (U)) in the ratio 1:2 were tested as a pretreatment of apple pomace prior to hot water extraction pectin. The duration and temperature (for 0.5–2h, at 40–80 °C) was adjusted limit cell wall polysaccharides losses degradation. Extraction yields sugar composition used evaluate impact on pec...

Chlormequat is a quaternary ammonium and choline chlorinated derivated is used as plant growth regulating agent. There are very few documented cases of poisoning in humans. We reported a case of non-fatal suicide attempt by chlormequat in France. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to hospital after deliberate consumption of plant growth regulator, C5 SUN, containing chlormequat chloride (460 g/L)...