Human health and biological safety problems resulting from urban drinking water pipe network biofilms pollution have attracted wide concern. Despite the inclusion of residual chlorine in drinking water distribution systems supplies, the bacterium is a recalcitrant human pathogen capable of forming biofilms on pipe walls and causing health risks. Typical drinking water bacterial biofilms and the...

The maintenance of specified residual chlorine within the distribution system is essential as a protective measure against the probable contamination. But the chlorine levels depend on the amounts of organic matter and bacterial content present in the water. Thus the concentration of these waterborne substances viz. chlorine, organic matter and bacterial content present in the water are related...

In this study, a novel assay for the detection of free chlorine is proposed for the first time. It is based on a redox reaction that occurs between triangular silver nanoprisms and free chlorine, which results in a morphological transformation and a change of the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the triangular silver nanoprisms. In the assay, the presence of free chlorine would etch...

Cyanuric acid is used to stabilize free chlorine to reduce photodegradation in outdoor swimming pools. While there have been numerous studies examining its effect on the disinfection rates of bacteria and viruses, it is not known whether cyanuric acid can significantly impact the effectiveness of hyperchlorination for inactivating Cryptosporidium oocysts present in fecally-contaminated swimming...

This paper presents some aspects concerning the estimation of the parameters in the input-output chlorine residuals models of drinking water distribution networks (DWDNs) used for transportation of treated drinkable water from the water treating plants to consumers. To kill the microorganisms that can cause the waterborne ills, disinfection is usually the final treatment stage in the drinking w...

compared to conventional chlorination methods which apply chlorine at water treatment plant, booster chlorination has almost solved the problems of high dosages of chlorine residuals near water sources and lack of chlorine residuals in the remote points of a water distribution system (wds). however, control of trihalomethane (thm) formation as a potentially carcinogenic disinfection by-product ...