BACKGROUND The impact of Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) control on the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is theoretically limited by the proportion of PID caused by chlamydia. We estimate the population excess fraction (PEF) of treated chlamydia infection on PID at 12-months in settings with widespread chlamydia control (testing and treatment) and compare this to the estimated P...

BACKGROUND Early sexual behaviour has been shown to differ significantly between genders, but few studies have addressed this topic to explain the commonly observed differences in chlamydia rates between adolescent girls and boys. Our study aimed to determine chlamydia prevalence in adolescents aged 15-20 years in a high-incidence area in Norway, and to identify gender-specific early sexual beh...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of a rapid test for chlamydia with first void male urine samples as a potential tool for diagnosis and screening of chlamydial infection in men. DESIGN Evaluation of test performance in prospective cohort study. Settings A young people's sexual health centre (site 1) and a genitourinary medicine clinic (site 2) in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS 1211 m...

BACKGROUND In the context of widespread opportunistic chlamydia screening among young adults, we aimed to quantify chlamydia testing and diagnosis among 16-24 year olds in Britain in relation to risk factors for prevalent chlamydia infection. METHODS Using data from sexually experienced (≥1 lifetime sexual partner) 16-year-old to 24-year-old participants in Britain's third National Survey of ...

Chlamydia lung infection caused by trachomatis is a serious particularly in infants but there are few studies about infection. Chlamydial genital and infections mice frequently done with muridarum. The purpose of our study was to explore the effect stress chlamydia male mice. We hypothesize that changes level cytokine production monocytes during As result from these include counting live cells,...

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of awareness of genital Chlamydia infection and level of knowledge related to this infection in family planning (FP) clinic attenders. Clients attending FP clinics during a 3 month study period were invited to complete an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Five hundred and sixteen questionnaires from female attenders were analysed. Re...

BACKGROUND Many countries have witnessed a disturbing increase in cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection despite enhanced control programs. Since the goal of Chlamydia control is to prevent reproductive complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy, an understanding of recent trends in these conditions is needed to fully evaluate the effect of control efforts. METH...

OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents in the Lower Silesia Region in Poland in 2009. MATERIAL AND METHODS 641 throat swabs obtained from 326 girls and 315 boys, aged 11 months to 18 years, were assessed diagnostically. The patients enrolled into the study were treated on an outpatient basis due to various, non-specifi...

OBJECTIVE To investigate if the core population hypothesis is applicable to patients with genital chlamydia infections. DESIGN Retrospective cross sectional study. SETTING Two genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics in the city of Birmingham and eight adjacent clinics. SUBJECTS All patients with chlamydia (n = 665) or gonorrhoea (n = 584) attending between 1 October 1995 and 30 September 199...

Interleukin-21 and its receptors (IL-21/IL-21R) aggravate chlamydial lung infection, while macrophages (Mφ) are one of the main cells infected by chlamydia source inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, it is particularly important to study whether IL-21/IL-21R aggravates respiratory infection regulating Mφ. Combined with bioinformatics analysis, we established an IL-21R-deficient (IL-21R−/−) mouse ...