irradiation of &methyl; spiro [2.5] oct-7-en-4-one through its singlet excited state resulted in the formation of 4-methyl spiro [2.5] oct-4-en -6-one. we have used the cyclopropyl moiety in the molecule as a probe to study the operating mechanism in the photochemistry of ?, ?-unsaturated compounds. the results showed that this photoisomerization probably occurs through a concerted process.

The arylidienes of spiro thiazolidines (5) containing α,β-unsaturated function have been used as component of Micheal addition with equimolar amount of 2-aminopyridine (6a) to give novel spiro [indole-3,2′-pyrido[1,2-a]thiazolo[5,4-e]pyrimidines] (7) in a single step under microwaves in presence of montmorillonite KSF as solid support. The new improved synthetic method for spiro [indole-3, 2′-t...

Two new fates of imine intermediates formed on radical cyclizations of ene-sulfonamides have been identified, reduction and hydration/fragmentation. Tin hydride-mediated cyclizations of 2-halo-N-(3-methyl-N-sulfonylindole)anilines provide spiro[indoline-3,3'-indolones] or spiro-3,3'-biindolines (derived from imine reduction), depending on the indole C2 substituent. Cyclizations of 2-haloanilide...

Homophthalic anhydride reacts with different aromatic amines to produce N-substituted homophthalimides. Bromination of the latter produces 4,4-dibromo-homophthalimide derivatives that can be used as precursors for spiro-derivatives. The dibromo derivatives react with different binucleophilic reagents to produce several spiro-isoquinoline derivatives. Reaction of the dibromo derivatives with mal...

The atom-bond connectivity (ABC) index and geometric-arithmetic (GA) index are two well-studied topological indices, which are useful tools in QSPR and QSAR investigations. In this paper, we first obtain explicit formulae for the expected values of ABC and GA indices in random spiro chains, which are graphs of a class of unbranched polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Based on these formulae, we t...

A new efficient and highly enantioselective direct asymmetric hydrogenation of α-keto acids employing the Ir/SpiroPAP catalyst under mild reaction conditions has been developed. This method might be feasible for the preparation of a series of chiral α-hydroxy acids on a large scale.

Glucopyranosylidene-spiro-1,4,2-oxathiazoles were prepared in high yields by NBS-mediated spiro-cyclization of the corresponding glucosyl-hydroximothioates. In an effort to synthesize analogous glucopyranosylidene-spiro-1,2,4-oxadiazolines, with a nitrogen atom instead of the sulphur, attempted cyclizations resulted in aromatization of the heterocycle with opening of the pyranosyl ring. Enzymat...

2-(2-Alkoxycarbonyl-1-arylamino-1-propenyl)benzimidazolium and 5-(2-alkoxycarbonyl-1-arylamino-1-propenyl)triazolium salts were synthesized in good yields from the reaction of benzimidazole and triazole carbenes with ketenimines. Upon treatment with a base, both salts were converted into novel 1,3-dipoles which underwent [3+2] cycloaddition reactions with electron-deficient alkynes and allenes ...

Irradiation of &methyl spiro [2.5] oct-7-en-4-one through its singlet excited state resulted in the formation of 4-methyl spirO [2.5] oct-4-en -6-one. We have used the cyclopropyl moiety in the molecule as a probe to study the operating mechanism in the photochemistry of ?, ?-unsaturated compounds. The results showed that this photoisomerization probably occurs through a concerted process.

Hole transporting materials (HTMs) play essential roles in facilitating hole extraction and suppressing recombination lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). High levels of p-doping HTMs is necessary for achieving high device performance, attributed to an increased electrical conductivity. In this work, we provide evidences that the poor performance PSCs with low doping (i.e., 4 mol% spiro-O...