884 CMAJ, May 15, 2012, 184(8) © 2012 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors Gallstone disease is responsible for about 1.8 million ambulatory care visits and more than 700 000 cholecystectomies yearly in the United States. In Canada, the adjusted annual rate of elective cholecystectomy was 260.8 per 100 000 population during the period 1992–2000. Gallstone disease is the second most com...

Urinary tract stones occur frequently with the incidence being about one to fifteen per cent worldwide. Patients may be asymptomatic or sometimes they may present with haematuria. Severe lumbar pain radiating to the loin requiring immediate analgesic treatment may occur Stones generally consist of organic and inorganic material. The organic material may be present in the nidus and can contribut...

Based on the 89 stones treated by ESWL therapy alone, the factors which influence the number of ESWL shots were analyzed. Stone volume was calculated by summing up the value "length x short axis" for each stone. The value correlated well with the number of shots needed to disintegrate the stone (p less than 0.01). The stones below the pelvis-ureteral junction needed twice shots compared with st...

Of 406 consecutive patients with gall-bladder stones, 387 were treated by cholecystectomy and 19 were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid. The gall stones found in 356 of the 387 patients at operation were analysed chemically for cholesterol and calcium, physically for number, size, and mass, and radiologically before cholecystectomy for stone lucency. Gall stones rich in cholesterol (greater th...

Background. In order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of linear EUS for evaluating clinically suggestive CBD stones in high-risk groups. Methods. 202 patients with clinically suggestive CBD stones in high-risk groups who underwent linear EUS examination between January 2012 and January 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with stone extracti...

BACKGROUND Pulp stones (PS) are discrete calcified masses found in the dental pulp, in the pulp tissue or become attached to or embedded into the dentine. The formation of pulp stones is still something of an enigma, leading to existence of some epidemiological gaps. AIM To determine the prevalence and distribution of pulp stones in posterior tooth group by using panoramic radiograph. MATER...

BACKGROUND The requirement for subsequent cholecystectomy in patients with gallbladder in situ after endoscopic removal of stones from the common bile duct (CBD) is controversial. The aims of this study were to assess the requirement for subsequent cholecystectomy for gallbladder-related symptoms, and to identify the patients who develop symptoms after the endoscopic removal of CBD stones. ME...

In the rapid changing inter-connected environment, cyber criminals are opting sophisticated tools to hide their identities and locations. Stepping stones are now popular among the miscreants and making the situations worse. The paper details the role of stepping stones in hiding the cyber criminals and highlights it as challenge to differentiate the stepping stones from legitimate computers in ...

BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinaemia has been associated with many common diseases in developed countries, such as ischaemic heart disease and colon cancer. Gall stones are also very prevalent in these countries but little is known about the association between insulin and gall stones. AIMS To study the relationships between insulin and the incidence of gall stones in a sample of the general populati...