STUDY DESIGN A retrospective observational study. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the prognostic value of drain tip culture performed for surgical site infection (SSI) after spinal surgery with a large number of subjects, and investigated whether the type of surgery or timing of drain removal correlated with positive drain culture and SSI rates. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA In many institutions, routi...

In present scenario high voltage AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) on Si substrate with Schottky drain contacts were simulated to increase the breakdown voltage by replacing the conventional Ohmic drain contacts. A significant increase in breakdown voltage values was achieved for nonannealed Schottky contacts by elimination of metal spikes underneath drain electrodes. The bre...

recently, economists have attention to the brain drain as emigration of skilled and educated labor force from developing countries. in this case, we are dealing with one main question is: how brain drain can affect the human capital of source countries? based on existing theories, brain drain can affect the economy of source countries in different ways such as; direct reduction of human capital...

surface and subsurface water collection in small seasonal rivers is very crucial, particularly in dry seasons. in this study a type of intake is introduced which acts as a river drainage network. an experimental model of the subsurface intake was constructed and the effective parameters such as upstream discharge, installation depth, and drain intervals were evaluated. the results showed that t...

in Chinese. Foreign collaborations have also been funded by western agencies, including the Royal Society, but in these cases the funding is paid out to her foreign collaborators. A decade after what must have appeared as a very brave move at the time, Perrett is still enthusiastic about the opportunities she enjoys in Beijing. “It’s an exciting time for science in China!” she says. “The fact t...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure, after which drains are placed routinely. This study aims to assess the benefits of placing postoperative drains, its complications and affects on postoperative stay, in thyroid lobectomy. METHODOLOGY Randomized Clinical Trial of 60 goitre patients undergoing lobectomy was conducted at Civil Hospital Karachi, during July'11...

in today's economy of knowledge and globalization, innovation as the ability to apply new knowledge to improve the production process and create new goods and services has been recognized as an undeniable efficiency. a dynamic economy is in need of efficient human capital which includes elites, professionals and entrepreneurs to come up with innovative and competitive ideas. brain drain in some...