In many theories of reheating starting from the classical spatially homogeneous inflaton field, its accompanying inhomogeneous part (which arises from primordial quantum fluctuations) is treated as a first order perturbation. We examine some consequences of treating it non-perturbatively in a model where a first order treatment is invalid. In particular we consider effects on the long-wavelengt...

The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is notable for its ability to grow under osmotic stress and at low temperatures. It is known to accumulate the compatible solutes glycine betaine and carnitine from the medium in response to osmotic or chill stress, and this accumulation confers tolerance to these stresses. Two permeases that transport glycine betaine have been identified, both of ...

The possible amplification of gauge invariant metric fluctuations in the infrared sector are very important during reheating stage of inflation. In this stage the inflaton field oscillates around the minimum of the scalar potential. The evolution for the super Hubble scales gauge invariant metric fluctuations can be studied by means of the Bardeen parameter. For a massive scalar field with pote...

Low temperature causes most insects to enter a state of neuromuscular paralysis, termed chill coma. The susceptibility of insect species to chill coma is tightly correlated to their distribution limits and for this reason it is important to understand the cellular processes that underlie chill coma. It is known that muscle function is markedly depressed at low temperature and this suggests that...

5 This paper describes the transformation of the CSU-CHILL National Radar Facility from 6 a single-frequency (S-band) dual-polarization Doppler weather radar system to a dual7 frequency (S and X band) dual-polarization Doppler system with coaxial beams. A brief 8 history regarding the development of dual-wavelength radars is first presented. In the past 9 dual-wavelength measurements were used ...

We develop a method to extract the “effective equation of state” of the intergalactic medium from the Doppler (b) parameter distribution of the low-density Lyα forest. We test the method on numerical simulations and then apply it to published observations of the Lyα forest at redshifts z ≃ 0 to 4. We find that the effective equation of state is close to isothermal at redshift z ∼ 3, indicating ...

We investigate the generation of large scale magnetic fields in the universe from quantum fluctuations produced in the inflationary stage. By coupling these quantum fluctuations to the dilaton field and Ricci scalar, we show that the magnetic fields with the strength observed today can be produced. We consider two situations: First, the evolution of dilaton ends at the onset of the reheating st...

Cosmological inflation, if it occurred, radically alters the picture of the ‘big bang’, which would merely point to reheating at the end of inflation. Moreover, this reheating may be only local so that inflation continues elsewhere and forever, continually spawning big-bang-like regions. This chapter reviews this idea of ‘eternal inflation’, then focuses on what this may mean for the ultimate b...

We propose an economical model in which a singlet Z2-odd scalar field accounts for the primordial inflation and the present dark matter abundance simultaneously in the light of recent BICEP2 result. Interestingly, the reheating temperature and the thermal dark matter abundance are closely connected by the same interaction between the singlet scalar and the standard model Higgs. In addition, the...

We study the evolution of a cosmological baryon asymmetry in leptogenesis when the right-handed neutrinos are produced in inflaton decays. By performing a detailed numerical study over a broad range of inflaton-neutrino couplings we show that the resulting asymmetry can be larger by two orders of magnitude or more than in thermal leptogenesis, if the reheating temperature TRH is of the same ord...