Flat a acrlnisi~ ion for Gronraphic Inlormalion S y s t ~ m ~ is bot l~ t imp ronsumiug and expeiislrc. Most existing work is undrrtakeil usit~g manual methods which sub Cer the additional problrrn ol producing; resuIts whir11 vary arid show iuconsisre~~cy. I\ variety of automatic attd srmi-automatic melllorls liave bWll devclopcd to try lo reduce thcsc difTiculties. F'niortunatcly. many of! he...

In a column-restricted covering integer program (CCIP), all the non-zero entries of any column of the constraint matrix are equal. Such programs capture capacitated versions of covering problems. In this paper, we study the approximability of CCIPs, in particular, their relation to the integrality gaps of the underlying 0,1-CIP. If the underlying 0,1-CIP has an integrality gap O(γ), and assumin...

OBJECTIVES Previous work suggests that maternal parenting and supervision reduces risk for children's unintentional injuries, but very little research has examined the role of fathers in children's unintentional injury risk. The role of fathers in protecting children from unintentional injury was considered. METHODS A prospective longitudinal design predicted injury risk in 181 toddlers from ...

In this study we address the problem of interpreting a bootstrap tree. The main issue is choosing the threshold of clade selection in order to separate reliable clades from unreliable ones, depending on their bootstrap proportion. This threshold depends on the chosen error measure. We investigate error measures that stem from a generalization of Robinson and Foulds’ (1981) distance, used to qua...

Aware of the potential benefits of health information technology (health IT), many early adopting health systems have leveraged electronic health records (EHRs) for far more than point-of-care documentation. Many rely on these electronic data to conduct quality assurance, quality improvement (QI) and reporting; surveillance; operations research; and clinical and health services research. Howeve...

Intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement is an extremely important part of the neurosurgical armamentarium. Not only is raised ICP the commonest cause of death in neurosurgical patients, it is extremely common in patients suffering from head injury. In this latter group, 40% of patients who are admitted in an unconscious state have raised ICP, and in 50% of those who die, raised ICP is the main ...

How social comparative information and specific, proximal goals influence children's skillful performance and percepts of self-efficacy in the context of arithmetic competency development was explored. Low-achieving children in arithmetic received instruction in division and practice opportunities. One group was provided with social comparative information indicating the average number of probl...