Enzymes (PI3K and PTEN) controlling cellular levels of 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides are known as important drivers or suppressors of tumorigenesis in various cancers. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Kofuji and colleagues and Chew and colleagues identify the lipid phosphatase INPP4B as a context-specific tumor suppressor that controls phosphoinositide levels and AKT2 activation in PTEN-...

Background: One of the candidate landing sites for the Mars Science Laboratory is in the Mawrth region of Mars. The candidate landing ellipse is located on highly cratered terrain with extensive bedrock outcrop. Diverse hydrous minerals have been detected from orbit, providing strong motivation for sending a landed mission to this area. However, models for the accumulation of bedrock in the are...

Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Università di Pisa, via Roma 79, I-56011 Calci (Pisa), Italy Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, p.za Botta 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, F-79360 Villiers en Bois, France FIZV (Ecology), via Olona 7, I-00198 Rome, Italy Dipartimento di Biologia (Unità di ProtistologiaZoologia), Università di Pisa...

AIM Aim of the present study was to evaluate the salivary clearance of Fluoride following administration of tablets and chewing gums containing 0.50 mg of Fluoride in the form of NaF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten children (age 10-13 years) and a control group of 10 adults (age 22-27 years) were recruited and selected for the study. The experiment consisted of saliva samples collection from each ...

Building on the Ramsey–de Finetti idea of event exchangeability, we derive a characterization of probabilistic sophistication without requiring any of the various versions of monotonicity, continuity, or comparative likelihood assumptions imposed by Savage (1954), Machina and Schmeidler (1992), and Grant (1995). Our characterization identifies a unique and finitely-additive subjective probabili...

Defective organelles as well as dead cells need to be taken care of. These are the tasks for 2 biological processes: autophagy and efferocytosis. Both occur in the atherosclerotic plaque, but their modus operandi and role in the disease process have remained unclear. Two recent studies show that efficient macrophage autophagy is needed for optimal efferocytosis and that defective autophagy lead...

A ppendicitis, acute pancreatitis, diverticulitus: all possible serious diagnoses in patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain. The diagnosis of these and other generalized or localized irritations of the peritoneum is sometimes based on the physician's " gut feelings " but are more commonly the result of diagnostic tests. A number of such tests have been proposed to e...

Abstract Background Electrolyzed water, a green chemistry invention, is novel disinfectant that has been widely used in the food field. Previous studies have found slightly acidic electrolyzed water not only bactericidal effect but also promotes accumulation of active substances many types sprouts. We developed new type CaCl 2 –HCl (CHEW), which can effectively enhance formation glucosinolates ...