We compared the elemental composition of soil and bedrock samples to determine the extent of chemical weathering and the nature of the soil parent material in alpine soils on Vermont's highest summit. Previously it was unclear whether these soils formed through weathering of bedrock, glacial till, or eolian sediment, or solely through the accumulation of organic matter. In eighteen profiles, no...

Project Description: Theoretical modeling of coupled fluid flow and chemical reactions, involving kinetics, has been employed to understand the differences between equilibrium, steady-state, and non-steady-state behavior of the chemical evolution of open fluid-rock systems. The numerical codes developed in this project treat multi-component, finite-rate reactions combined with advective and dis...

Aims. The recent Cassini discovery of water vapor plumes ejected from the south pole of the Saturnian satellite, Enceladus, presents a unique window of opportunity for the detection of extant life in our solar system. Methods. With its significant geothermal energy source propelling these plumes >80 km from the surface of the moon and the ensuing large temperature gradient with the surrounding ...

Simulation models are valuable tools to increase understanding of complex soil chemical processes. Initially modeling was restricted by limited computational power; thus, complex natural systems were often simulated with site-specific, regression-based models. These models (classified as functional models by Hoosbeek & Bryant, 1992) do not deal with the actual processes but were designed to sim...

Kaolin from the Buwambo deposit, located about 27 km north of Kampala (Uganda), has been analyzed for its mineralogical and chemical composition. The kaolin is derived from granite of the basement, which is exposed due to deeply weathered Buganda-Toro cover rocks. Kaolinite is the dominant mineral, with quartz and muscovite/illite as accessory minerals. Chemical data show that the kaolin is com...

Introduction and background: Zeolite minerals are hydrated framework aluminosilicates common to altered volcanic and volcanoclastic rocks, and the soils derived from them [1]. The mineralogy, chemistry, textural context, and abundance of zeolites provides insight into chemical weathering, hydrothermal, and metamorphic processes on Earth, in a variety of climates and tectonic settings. Zeolites ...

We utilize predictions of runoff from two series of GENESIS (version 1.02) climate model experiments to calculate chemical erosion rates for 12 time slices that span the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. A set of ‘‘control’’ experiments where geography is altered according to published paleogeographic reconstructions and atmospheric pCO2 is held fixed at the present-day value was designed to elucidate cli...

Aging phenomena often play a key role in realistic rendering: excepting when the desired result is specifically a brand-new virtual object, their absence can lead to non-realistic surfaces, looking too clean and smooth. To solve these problems, artists either compose multiple textures manually, or directly modify object geometries. However, such techniques may not be suitable to obtain realisti...

Bedrock fracture systems facilitate weathering, allowing fresh mineral surfaces to interact with corrosive waters and biota from Earth's surface, while simultaneously promoting drainage of chemically equilibrated fluids. We show that topographic perturbations to regional stress fields explain bedrock fracture distributions, as revealed by seismic velocity and electrical resistivity surveys from...