This paper presents a taxonomy of errors in chat-oriented dialogue systems. Compared to human-human conversations and task-oriented dialogues, little is known about the errors made in chat-oriented dialogue systems. Through a data collection of chat dialogues and analyses of dialogue breakdowns, we classified errors and created a taxonomy. Although the proposed taxonomy may not be complete, thi...

As networked digital communications proliferate in military operational command and control (C2), chat messaging is emerging as a preferred communications method for team coordination. Chat room logs provide a potentially rich source of data for analysis in after-action reviews, affording considerable insight into the decision-making processes among the training audience. The multitasking natur...

Acetylcholine has important epigenetic roles in the developing retina. In this study, cells that expressed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine, were investigated in embryonic, postnatal, and adult turtle retinas by using immunofluorescence histochemistry. ChAT was present at stage 15 (S15) in cells near the vitreal surface. With the formation of the inner...

While the global discourse structure that describes how utterances are grouped into larger units of discourse has received much attention both in oral and in computermediated dialogues, the local structure (i. e. the structure of individual utterances) of chat conversations has not been previously studied in a psycholinguistic perspective. In this paper we explore some evidence of cognitive pro...

I have always hated Internet chat rooms and studiously avoided them. To me, they are chaotic, confusing, and frustrating. I have also accepted the fact that on this question I am probably in the minority. I suspect that most students who participate in online courses have experience with chat and are quite comfortable with the fragmented and seemingly incoherent conversations that are the hallm...

Comic Chat began as a project at Microsoft Corporation’s new research labs. Our goal was to build a new kind of chat program, that automatically enhanced a textual chat conversation by adding graphics, using conventions adopted from the comics domain. As people type text into Comic Chat, comics panels appear. The program uses traditional comics illustration rules to determine which characters s...

In this article, we propose that adolescents’ online interactions are both a literal and a metaphoric screen for representing major adolescent developmental issues, such as sexuality and identity. Because of the public nature of Internet chat rooms, they provide an open window into the expression of adolescent concerns. Our study utilizes this window to explore how issues of sexuality and ident...

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) questionnaire is a brief measure available in Spanish which needs to be validated for the Mexican population. Parents of children from (1) community with typical development (TD) and (2) psychiatric outpatient unit completed the CBCL/1.5-5 and the Mexican/MM-CHAT-version. The study sample consisted of 456 children (age M = 4.46, SD = 1.12),...

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) synthesizes acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons; regulation of its activity or response to physiological stimuli is poorly understood. We show that ChAT is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms on four serines (Ser-440, Ser-346, Ser-347, and Ser-476) and one threonine (Thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylati...

During the adolescent transition from childhood to adulthood, notable maturational changes occur in brain neurotransmitter systems. The cholinergic system is composed of several distinct nuclei that exert neuromodulatory control over cognition, arousal, and reward. Binge drinking and alcohol abuse are common during this stage, which might alter the developmental trajectory of this system leadin...